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GREAT BLACK ICONS

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\\ MARCUS GARVEY. POLITICAL //1815 PICTURE: JOSEPH // IGNATIUS SANCHO (1729–80)
ACTIVIST, PUBLISHER, JOHNSON. FORMER SAILOR IN FORMER SAILOR IN THE
JOURNALIST, ENTREPRENEUR, THE BRITISH NAVY BRITISH NAVY
AND ORATOR

The Right Honourable Marcus Garvey he was sympathetic. He saw strong par- this were campaigns for the abolition of
lived in London for several years. allels between the British subjugation of the slave trade. A determining element
Garvey sought to rebuild UNIA, although Ireland and the broader subjugation of of that movement was the involvement
found there was much competition in the black people. Garvey adopted a Pan-Af- of African men and women living in Brit-
city from other black activist groups. ricanist view, which has become increas- ain who, for the first time, offered in writ-
ingly popular amongst sections of the ing first-person testimony to the horrors
He established a new UNIA headquarters black community even today. In the wake of slavery, and formed lobby groups like
in Beaumont Gardens, West Kensington of the First World War he called for the the Sons of Africa which counted the
and launched a new monthly journal, formation of “a United Africa for the Af- writers and formerly enslaved Olaudah
Black Man. Garvey returned to speaking ricans of the World” UNIA promoted the Equiano #09 and Ottobah Cugoano #04
at Speakers’ Corner in Hyde Park. view that Africa was the natural home- among its members.
When he spoke in public, he was increas- land of the African diaspora.
ingly harangued by socialists for his con- Ottobah Cugoano - originally from Ghana,
servative stances. He also had hopes of The above 1815 print depicts Joseph was an abolitionist in England during the
becoming a Member of Parliament. Johnson, he was a former sailor in the late 18th century. He was born in 1757,
British Navy. He became a street singer part of the Fanti people and member of a
In June 1937, Garvey’s wife and children to earn money after he was discharged family of influence.
arrived in England, his children were from the navy, and wore a model of the
sent to a school in Kensington Gardens sailing ship Nelson on his head. Between 1768-1769, Ottobah Cugoano
and Garvey took up a new family home in (© Department of Special Collections, was sold into slavery. Around three
Talgarth Road, not far from UNIA’s head- Memorial Library, University of Wiscon- years later in the Caribbean plantations
quarters. sin-Madison). Alexander Campbell purchases him and
he is taken to England and baptized as
MAGAZINE // 26 was also influenced by the ideas of the Britain was, most importantly, a place of 10 years and begins working for artists
During the late 1910s and 1920s, Garvey
John Stuart. He is freed after around
Richard and Maria Cosway.
black political organisation. Central to
Irish independence movement, to which