Page 10 - Dream 2047_October_Hindi

doj LVksjh
HkkSfrd ç.kkfy;ksa esa blls dgha vf/kd d.k gksrs gSa vkSj ,sls esa laHkkouk,a dkQh T;knk gks tk,axhA 1982 ds vius 'kks/ki= ^^flE;qysfVax fQftDl fon daI;wVj^^ 1⁄4daI;wVj ds lkFk HkkSfrd foKku dk vuq:i.k1⁄2 esa QkbueSu us rdZ fn;k fd ikjaifjd daI;wVjksa dh le:irk ;k çHkko dh lhek dh ijokg fd, fcuk DokaVe eSdsfudy ?kVuk dk mi;ksx DokaVe ç.kkfy;ksa ds vuq:i.k ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1985 esa v‚DlQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh ds MsfoM Mksbps us ;wfuolZy Vîwfjax e'khu 1⁄4ftlus fMftVy daI;wVjksa ds fy, vk/kkj çnku fd;k1⁄2 dh rjg ds ,d ;wfuolZy DokaVe daI;wVj dk o.kZu fd;k] tks gj ifjfer] dk;kZfUor gksus ;ksX; HkkSfrd ç.kkyh dh iwjh rjg udy rS;kj djus esa l{ke FkkA 1992 esa Mkbp vkSj fjpMZ tksTlk us ,d lkekU;h—r ,Yxksfjne dk çLrko fn;k] tks xfr dh ml laHkkfor c<+ksrjh dks çnf'kZr djrk Fkk] ftls DokaVe daI;wVj gkfly dj ldsaxsA
1994 esa ,Vh ,saM Vh ds lkFk dke djrs gq,] ihVj 'kksj us vius çfl) 'kkslZ ,Yxksfjne esa ;g fn[kk;k fd ;fn DokaVe daI;wVj rS;kj fd;k tk lds rks fdl çdkj D;wfcV~l vkSj lqijiksft'ku ds ,UVSaxyesaV dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ml DokaVe daI;wVj esa cgqr cM+h la[;kvksa ds vHkkT; xq.kdksa dh x.kuk dh tk ldrh gSA cM+s iw.kkaZdksa dks xq.ku[kafMr djds vHkkT; la[;kvksa esa cnyuk fØIVksxzkQh ;kuh dwV-ys[ku dk vk/kkj gS( fdlh la[;k n ds vHkkT; xq.kdksa p vkSj q fudkyus ds fy,] dksbZ Hkh dq'ky Dykfldy ,Yxksfjne ekStwn ugha gS] ;gh dkj.k gS fd bldk mi;ksx fØIVksxzkQh esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkj,l, 1⁄4fjosLV-'kehj-,MyeSu1⁄2 ,Yxksfjne lqjf{kr MsVk Vakalfe'ku ds fy, mi;ksx fd, tkus okys çFke lkoZtfud çeq[k fØIVksflLVEl esa ls ,d gS ftlesa ,fUØI'ku-dh lkoZtfud gS vkSj fMfØI'ku-dh ls vyx gS tks fd futh gS] ;kuh xqIr gSA ;g fn[kk;k x;k Fkk fd 'kkslZ ,Yxksfjne ifCyd-dh fØIVksflLVe vkj,l, dks rksM+ ldrk gS] tks vHkkT; xq.ku[kaMu dk vk/kkj gSA 'kkslZ ,Yxksfjne rFkkdfFkr vlrr y‚x leL;k dks Hkh rksM+ ldrk gS] tks lkoZtfud-dh fØIVksflLVe esa nwljh leL;k gS] vkSj tks fcVd‚;u] ,Fksfj;e vkSj vf/kdka'k vU; fØIVksdjsalh ds çek.khdj.k lesr vU; Cy‚dpsu rduhdksa dks ukdke dj ldrk gSA ;gka rd fd de la[;k esa D;qfcV~l Hkh vkj,l, 1⁄42048 fcV okyh dh ds fy, yxHkx 4]000 =qfVghu D;qfcV~l1⁄2 dks lqy>kus ds fy, i;kZIr gks ldrs gSa] ftldh x.kuk esa cM+s lqij daI;wVjksa dks Hkh yk[kksa lky yx ldrs gSaA
gkykafd yksxksa dks rc irk ugha Fkk fd DokaVe daI;wVj dSls cuk;k tk,* fQj Hkh 'kkslZ ,Yxksfjne us vuqla/kku dks rst dj fn;k vkSj tYn gh pqacdh; {ks= dk mi;ksx djds DokaVe ra= dks ifjos'k ds fo{kksHkksa ls cpkus vkSj vyx&Fkyx djus ds ç;ksx 'kq: gks x,A 1996 esa ,evkbZVh] gkoZMZ fo'ofo|ky;] vkbZch,e vkSj dSfyQksfuZ;k fo'ofo|ky;] cdZys ds 'kks/kdrkZvksa dh ,d Vhe us ,d rjy] ;kuh dkcZu-13 yscy DyksjksQ‚eZ] ij ijek.kq pqacdh; jstksusal 1⁄4,u,evkj1⁄2 rduhd dk mi;ksx djus dh dksf'k'k dhA
miijek.kq d.kkas eas ,d DokVa e xq.k gkrs k gS ftls fLiu dgk tkrk gS]tksmudhvraHkZrw dk.skh;xfrdk,dekigSvkSjmudsvko'sk dh rjg gh cqfu;knh pht gSA vko's k dh gh rjg fLiu dh Hkh ek=k fLFkj xqudkas 1⁄4quantised1⁄2 eas gkrs h gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd bldk eku dos y vlrr gh gks ldrk gS] ftls vk/ks i.w kkZda ;k i.w kkZda fLiu ds :i eas O;ä fd;k tkrk gSA fLiu ,d oDs Vj ifjek.k gS vkSj fLiu dh
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fdlh Dykfldy daI;wVj esa fcV~l dh la[;k dks nksxquk djus ls mldh çkslsl djus dh 'kfä nksxquh gksrh gSA ysfdu lafyIrrk ;kfu ,UVSaxYesaV ds dkj.k fdlh DokaVe e'khu esa vfrfjä D;qfcV tksM+us ls mldh 'kfä dbZ xquk c<+ tkrh gSA bl çdkj] fdlh Dykfldy daI;wVj esa 8 fcV~l ,d ckj esa 28 3⁄4 256 ;kuh 0 ls 255 rd dh la[;kvksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu
8 D;qfcV~l ,d lkFk 0 ls 255 rd dh gj la[;k dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSaA
fn'kk 1⁄4+;k-1⁄2 ,d pcaq dh; {k=s eas d.k ds O;ogkj ls ekih tkrh gSA lHkh QfeZv‚ukas 1⁄4DokdZ vkSj byDs Va‚ukas vkSj U;fw Vauks tSls yIs Vu1⁄2 eas vk/k-s i.w kkZda fLiu (+/- 1⁄2)] gkrs s g]Sa tcfd ckls ‚u 1⁄4QkVs ‚u] Xyvw klas ;k oDs Vj ckls ‚u tSls eyw Hkrw cykas ds okgd ;k le l[a ;k eas miijek.kq d.kkas ls cus fefJr d.k1⁄2 eas i.w kkZda fLiu (+/-1)] gkrs s gASa ,u,evkj ,d rjy inkFkZ ds ijek.kq ukfHkd eas mlds DokVa e d.kkas ij muds fLiu ds ek/;e ls dk;Z djrk gSA ml ij yxk;s tk jgs fo|qr pqEcdh; {k=s eas cnyko djus ls ukfHkd dh dqN fLiu dh nks DokVa kbTM voLFkkvkas ds chp vnyk-cnyh lHa ko gkrs h gS vkSj blls mUgas nkus kas voLFkkvkas eas ,d lkFk DokVa e ;kfa =d rjhds ls cus jgus dh lgfw y;r feyrh gS vkSj bl çdkj D;qfcV~l dks bu ukfHkdkas dh fLiu voLFkkvkas ds :i eas fØ;kfUor fd;k tk ldrk gSA rjy eas çR;ds v.kq ,d Lor=a DokVa e ees fj jftLVj ds:ieasdkedjrkgSArjyinkFkkZaseasv.kqvkasdhfujrajxfrus DokVa e dEI;Vw 's ku dh cqfu;knh bdkb;kas vFkkZr DokVa e y‚ftd xVs ~l ds fuekZ.k dks lHa ko cuk;k] tks lkekU; dEI;Vw jkas ds y‚ftd xVs ~l tSls gh gkrs s gASa bl çdkj Vhe us ,d rjy eas jfs M;ks ÝhDolas h Lina kas 1⁄4pulses1⁄2 dks buiqV~l dh rjg bLres ky dj ds fu"ikfnr fd, tkus okys dIa ;Vw j çkxs zke dk fuekZ.k djrs gq, ,d 2-D;qfcV DokVa e dIa ;Vw j fodflr fd;kA rc ls Øfed :i ls T;knk dq'ky ,Yxksfjne fodflr gksus yxsA fdlh