772 MECHATRONICS FIGURE 11.19: Analog PID control circuit lab setup. Similarly, 0 − V (t) o i (t) = (11.91) 2 R 2 −V (s) o i (s) = (11.92) 2 R 2 FIGURE 11.20: Picture of the analog PID control circuit based on op-amps on a breadboard.