Page 130 - From GMS to LTE

116 From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G

R4 Core Network

UTRAN
Media IP or Media
Gateway ATM Gateway
RNC

Node-B
PSTN
MSC MSC
UE RNC
Call Server Call Server
Node-B

GERAN
HLR IN
TRAU

BSC
BTS SGSN GGSN Internet Server
PCU

Data and signaling Signaling
Figure 3.2 UMTS Release 4 (Bearer‐Independent Core Network).

3.1.3 3GPP Release 5: High‐Speed Downlink Packet Access
The most important new functionality introduced with 3GPP Release 5 was a new
data transmission scheme called High‐Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) to
increase data transmission speeds from the network to the user. While 384 kbit/s was the
maximum speed in Release 99, HSDPA increased speeds per user, under ordinary
conditions, to several megabits per second. Top speeds are highly dependent on a
number of conditions:
The maximum throughput capability of the mobile device.
●
The sophistication of the receiver and antenna of the mobile device.
●
The capability of the network.
●
The radio conditions at the place of use. This includes the signal level received from
●
a base station and the interference of neighbor cell transmissions on the same
frequency.
The bandwidth of the backhaul link between the base station and the rest of the
●
network.
The number of other users in the cell actively exchanging data at the same time.
●
In an ideal radio environment speeds up to 14.4 Mbit/s could be reached. Today,
many in the telecommunication industry see HSDPA in combination with user‐friendly
smartphones and 3G data dongles for notebooks as ‘the’ combination that helped
UMTS to gain mass‐market adoption and widespread use.