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Q4 How Do Organizations Use the Cloud? 229

Europe
Barcelona, ES
North America Galway, IE
Houston, TX London, GB
Indianapolis, IN Munich, DE Asia
Hong Kong, HK
Kansas City, MO Paris, FR Kuala Lumpur, MY
Los Angeles, CA Rotterdam, NL Kyoto, JP
New York, NY Rome, IT Melbourne, AU
Roanoke, VA Uppsala, SE Sendai, JP
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Spokane, WA
Tampa, FL
Trenton, NJ
West Palm Beach, FL
Figure 6-18 South America
Rio De Janiero, BR
Servers Used in a Typical CDN La Paz, BO
Bogota, CO
Service Buenos Aires, AR
Figure 6-19 shows a Web services inventory application at AllRoad Parts. In this example,
AllRoad is running its own servers on its own infrastructure. To do so, AllRoad sets up a private
internet within the company, an internet that is generally not reachable from outside the com-
pany (you’ll learn more about how this is done in Q6). AllRoad writes the applications for pro-
cessing inventory using Web services standards; applications publish a WSDL; the Web services
are accessed by other applications within the company using SOAP; and data are delivered us-
ing JSON. Application users access the inventory Web services using JavaScript that is sent down
to the users’ browsers.
Users of the inventory Web services include Sales, Shipping, Customer Service,
Accounting, and other departments. Internal applications can use the inventory Web ser-
vices like building blocks. They can use the services that they need—and no more. Because
the Web services are encapsulated, the inventory system can be altered without affecting
other applications. In this way, systems development is more flexible, and it will be faster
and hence less costly.
As stated, however, this is not a cloud. In this example, AllRoad has a fixed number of
servers; no attempt is made to make them elastic. Also, the servers are dedicated to inventory.
During idle periods, they are not dynamically reused for other purposes. Some organizations
remove this limit by creating a private cloud, as discussed in Q6.

Private internet
Browsers in
Browsers in
Sales Dept in
Browsers
Browsers
Sales Dept in
Browsers
Sales Dept in Browsers in
Sales Dept in Browsers in
Browsers
Sales Dept Customer in
Browsers
Browsers in
Sales Dept Customer
Browsers in
Customer
Sales Dept Service
Service
Customer
Inventory Service
Service
Inventory Applications Inventory
Application
Application service requests
service requests Web Servers & responses
& responses
Database server Browsers in
service requests & Browsers in
Browsers in responses Accounting
Browsers in
Browsers in Accounting
Shipping in Accounting
Browsers
Browsers
Shipping in
Shipping
Browsers in
Figure 6-19 Shipping DBMS DB
Shipping
Web Services Principles Applied Database Server
to Inventory Applications