Page 494 - Essencials of Sociology

City Life 467

The Cosmopolites. These are the intellectuals, profession-
als, artists, and entertainers who have been attracted to the
city. They value its conveniences and cultural benefits.

The Singles. Usually in their early 20s to early 30s, the singles
have settled in the city temporarily. For them, urban life is a
stage in their life course. Businesses and services, such as singles
bars and apartment complexes, cater to their needs and desires.
After they marry, many move to the suburbs.

The Ethnic Villagers. Feeling a sense of identity, working-
class members of the same ethnic group band together. They
form tightly knit neighborhoods that resemble villages and small
towns. Family- and peer-oriented, they try to isolate themselves
from the dangers and problems of urban life.
The Deprived. Destitute, emotionally disturbed, and hav-
ing little income, education, or work skills, the deprived live
in neighborhoods that are more like urban jungles than urban
villages. Some of them stalk those jungles in search of prey.
Neither predator nor prey has much hope for anything better
in life—for themselves or for their children.
The Trapped. These people don’t live in the area by choice,
either. Some were trapped when an ethnic group “invaded” their
neighborhood and they could not afford to move. Others found
themselves trapped in a downward spiral. They started life in a
higher social class, but because of personal problems—mental
or physical illness or addiction to alcohol or other drugs—they
drifted downward. There also are the elderly who are trapped
by poverty and not wanted elsewhere. Like the deprived, the
trapped suffer from high rates of assault, mugging, and rape.

Critique. You probably noticed this inadequacy in Gans’ catego- Where do you think these people
ries, that you can be both a cosmopolite and a single. You might fit in Gans’ classification of urban
have noticed also that you can be these two things and an ethnic villager as well. Gans also dwellers?
seems to have missed an important type of city dweller—the people living in the city who
don’t stand out in any way. They work and marry there and quietly raise their families. They
aren’t cosmopolites, singles, or ethnic villagers. Neither are they deprived nor trapped. Per-
haps we can call these the “Just Plain Folks.”

In Sum: Within the city’s rich mosaic of social diversity, not all urban dwellers experi-
ence the city in the same way. Each group has its own lifestyle, and each has distinct ex-
periences. Some people welcome the city’s cultural diversity and mix with several groups.
Others find community by retreating into the security of ethnic enclaves. Still others
feel trapped and deprived. To them, the city is an urban jungle. It poses threats to their
health and safety, and their lives are filled with despair.

The Norm of Noninvolvement and the Diffusion
of Responsibility
Tuning Out: The Norm of Noninvolvement. To avoid intrusions from strangers,
urban dwellers follow a norm of noninvolvement.

To do this, we sometimes use props such as newspapers to shield ourselves from others and
to indicate our inaccessibility for interaction. In effect, we learn to “tune others out.”
In this regard, we might see the [iPod] as the quintessential urban prop in that it
allows us to be tuned in and tuned out at the same time. It is a device that allows us