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Nucleophiles react

with electrophiles to

Definition: form a covalent bond Definition:

Electron-deficient species Electron-rich species

Cations Electrophiles Nucleophiles Anions

-
-
-
+
+
e.g. H , NO , H O + e.g. OH , CH O , Cl , CN -
3
3
2
Carbocations Some molecules can act as either Carbanions
electrophile or nucleophile
Lewis acids Lewis bases

(electron-pair acceptor) (electron-pair donor)

e.g. AlCl , BF , FeCl 3 e.g. H O, NH , H S
3
3
2
3
2
Electron-deficient sites (electrophilic site) Electron-rich sites (nucleophilic sites)
in organic molecules in organic molecules

e.g. e.g.