Page 284 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

in some regions, occasionally might commemoration of the dead on the even into public schools like SMP (Junior of certain Qur’anic verses. What the
incite violence. The conflicts generally 3 , 7 , 40 , 100 , and 1,000 days, as High School) and SMA (Senior High Muhammadiyah and the NU particularly
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centered on the dissimilarities in some well as annual commemorations (haul). School) within the pesantrens. The fact cannot accept is the Salafi ideology
subsidiary rituals of worship. The Modernists avoid excessive accolades to that the Muslim younger generations about the nature of God. The Salafis
commonly prevailing characteristic of religious teachers, clerics and scholars, massively entered modern education believe that the manifestation of God is
the Muhammadiyah is that the call for sheikhs of mystical orders, and tawasul, also gradually reduced the differences. really anthropomorphic (tajsim), and that
prayer (azan) for the Friday congregation but traditionalists continue to do so. Since the 1980s, the dichotomy between He can be located in a specific place,
(jumatan) is done only once, while the Similarly, Sufism and certain vocations traditionalists and modernists had been namely on the Throne. The NU and the
Nahdlatul Ulama usually does it twice. of the mystical orders, which the fading and the distinctive characteristics Muhammadiyah are strongly opposed
The Muhammadiyah used to practice modernists rejected, were all practiced discussed above became less useful to this anthropomorphic view. What the
the Tarawih prayer (at night during the by traditionalists. to differentiate between modernist and NU and the Muhammadiyah also share
month Ramadan) as much as 8 raka’at traditionalist groups. Entering the 3 rd is their opposition against the attitude
(lit. bows), plus 3 raka’at of Witir (the The differences are not limited to millennium, the Muhammadiyah and of the Salafis who feel that they are the
Vigil prayer). The Nahdlatul Ulama in its religious rituals, but also in ways of the NU were no longer hostile towards most correct and that they categorize
turn, runs 23 raka’at, which include the dress and speaking, and educational each other, but started to collaborate. those who dissent as ahlul bid’ah
Witir. The modernists do not pronounce orientation. If traditionalists chose The leaders of both groups are closer to (heretics), which also means infidels.
their intention before every ritual boarding schools as ideal places to each other and work together to generate In the process of approaching each other
worship, while according to the NU the educate their children, modernists chose welfare for all the people. to achieve the “unification” of modernists
pronouncement (talafuz) of the intention public schools, instead. Traditionalists This “unification” process was perhaps and traditionalists, the differences
has to be made. These differences are chose agriculture as their livelihood, caused by the common challenges between their religious practices were no
the sources of the conflicts and are used whereas the modernists chose modern they, namely the Wahhabi Salafi group longer as striking as before. Mysticism,
to tease each other. vocations as employees, employers, or that had begun to blossom since the for example, which the modernists
traders. In the field of art, traditionalists
Traditionalists used to perform various preferred to engage in samroh, barzanji, end of the 20 century and became originally opposed, is now beginning to
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rituals associated with the events of a rodad and salawatan while modernists much larger by the last decade. The be appreciated. Sufism has long suffered
person’s life cycle and they indulged in rather developed the art of orchestras, Salafis were actually puritan like the from marginalization the emerging
commemorations of the dead, which the music bands, and drama. Muhammadiyah, but they were also modernist orientation which assumed
modernists considered heretical. The radical and confrontational in facing Sufism was not original Islamic teaching.
modernists only performed life cycle Nevertheless, over time these differences what they call heresies. Although Modernists among the inhabitants of
rituals that accord with Islamic guidance gradually become in significant. Entering puritan, the Muhammadiyah still urban areas strongly objected to the
like akikah (a feast 7 days after the birth the 1970s, many traditionalist began to accommodates to local culture. practice of Sufism in the form of a long
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of a baby), circumcision and wedding. apply for enrolment in public schools. Moreover, there are some fundamental series of repetitive recitations (wird)
Traditionalist also perform rituals on Boarding schools started to adopt school differences between the two in their following certain pronouncements and
the 4 and 7 months of pregnancy, systems and turned into madrasahs, or views on heresy and the interpretation their unique invocation techniques
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