Page 11 - Effects of dried citrus pulp on nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and growth performance in Lohi lambs

citrus pulp has 12.5% DM, 10.61% CP, 26.3% NDF, 25.8% ADF and 5.33% ash. Castro
and Zanetti (1998) reported that DCP could be used in calves’ starter diet as an alternate of

NDF rich diet like Bermuda grass hay.

Chemical composition of citrus pulp depends upon type and variety of fruit and
method of processing for juice extraction (Ammerman et al., 1966; Chapman et al., 1953).

Abdullah (2013) carried out analysis of dried citrus pulp to elucidate the relative contents
of DM, OM (organic matter), nitrogen, NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent

fiber), hemicellulose and ash that are good indicator for the determination of nutritive value.
The results revealed that dried citrus pulp contained 90.63, 94.57 and 6.32% DM, OM and

CP respectively. The NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and ash contents of dried citrus pulp were

20.68, 14.32, 6.36 and 5.43%, respectively. Oluremi et al. (2007) also stated that cellulose
and hemicellulose contents in DCP ranged from 34.07 to 35.29% and from 21.10 to

21.62%, respectively. The variation in nutrient composition of DCP may be due to different

seed content of the citrus fruit as the percentage of seeds present in the citrus fruit varies
from 0 – 10% (Jong-Kyu et al., 1996).

Rihani (1991) reported that dried citrus pulp contains 90 % DM, 2% ether extract,
1.4% calcium and about 0.1% phosphorus. It is rich in fibre content (NDF about 20%) and

contains large amounts (10-40%) of pectic substances and water soluble sugars (mainly
sucrose) on DM basis. Faria et al. (2008) pointed out that dried citrus pulp is rich in fibre

content. Dried citrus pulp contains 6.9% ash, 2.7% lignin and 17.3 MJ/kg of DM gross
energy. Taiwo et al. (1995) pointed out that unfermented citrus pulp contained high

concentration of glucose (32.9 equiv. / kg) and low concentrations of other nutrients. Kordi

and Naserian (2012) reported that fresh citrus pulp is nutritious ingredient for ruminants
and can be fed in ensiled state for their better growth and production. They evaluated that

fresh citrus pulp has 12.5% DM, 10.61% CP, 3.5% EE, 26.3% NDF, 25.8% ADF and

5.33% ash. These studies showed that dried citrus pulp is low in protein contents but is high
in energy value and can be used as an energy source in animal feed.

Kirk and Marvin (1970) analyzed the chemical composition of DCP. They noticed
that DCP contains 91.8% DM, 6.9% CP and 7.1% ash. Pereira and Gonzlez (2004) also

evaluated the nutritive value of DCP and reported that DCP contains 88.1% DM, 7.1% CP,
and 6.9% ash. Fresh orange pulp is nutritive ingredient, which can be used in ruminant

rations in valuable quantities. It is used to optimum growth, production and reproduction.

5