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Chapter 13
3.3 Imposed style budgeting
An imposed ‘top down’ budget is set without permitting the ultimate budget holder to
have the opportunity to participate in the budgeting process.
3.4 Participative budgeting
A budgeting system in which all budget holders are given the opportunity to
participate in setting their own budgets.
Top down (imposed) Bottom up (participative)
Senior Senior
management management
Middle-line Middle-line
managers managers
Operational Operational
managers managers
Budgets are more
acceptable
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