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PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT




            Return on Investment (ROI)


            Formula:

                                                                                                      Long term loans are
                                                                                                     normally arranged by
                   Controllable profit before interest & Tax                                       head office and therefore

                                Controllable investment                                             not under the managers
                                                                                                              control.



            Where controllable investment = non current assets + net working capital.





            Thus ROI forces the investment centre manager:

            • to control operating expenses, and

            • to control the investments in assets.





            ROI can be manipulated in the following ways:

            • reduce expenses, or


            • reduce operating assets.

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