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Controls




                           Distinction between external and

                           internal audit



                                                    External audit                   Internal audit

                       Objective          Express an opinion on the truth      Improve the company’s
                                          and fairness of the financial        operations by reviewing
                                          statements in written report.        the efficiency and
                                                                               effectiveness of internal
                                                                               controls.


                      Reporting           Reports to shareholders.             Reports to management
                                                                               or those charged with
                                                                               governance.

                 Availability of report   Publicly available.                  Not publicly available.
                                                                               Usually only seen by
                                                                               management or those
                                                                               charged with
                                                                               governance.

                    Scope of work         Verifying the truth and fairness     Wide in scope and
                                          of the financial statements.         dependent on
                                                                               management’s
                                                                               requirements.


                   Appointment and        By the shareholders of the           By the audit committee
                       removal            company.                             or board of directors.

                   Relationship with      Must be independent of the           May be employees
                       company            company.                             (which limits
                                                                               independence) or an
                                                                               outsourced function
                                                                               (which enhances
                                                                               independence).



















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