Page 162 - Academic Handbook FoS+29june

THIRD SEMESTER

PY2101: THERMAL PHYSICS [3 1 0 4]
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics and concept of temperature, work and heat
energy, state functions. Laws of Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, differential form of first law, internal energy,
first law and various processes, applications of first law, heat engines, Carnot cycle, carnot engine, second law of
Thermodynamics-Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence, Carnot Theorem. Applications of second law of
thermodynamics: thermodynamic scale of temperature and its equivalence to perfect gas scale. Entropy: Change in entropy,
entropy of a state, Clausius theorem, second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy, entropy of a perfect gas, entropy of
the universe, entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes, principle of increase of entropy. Impossibility of
attainability of absolute zero: third law of thermodynamics, temperature-entropy diagrams, first and second order phase
transitions. Thermodynamic Potentials: Extensive and Intensive thermodynamic variables, thermodynamic potentials U, H, F
and G: their definitions, properties and applications, surface films and variation of surface tension with temperature, magnetic
work, cooling due to adiabatic demagnetization, approach to absolute zero. Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations: Derivations
of maxwell’s relations. Applications of maxwell’s relations: Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Joule-Kelvin coefficient for ideal and
Van der Waal gases. Kinetic Theory of Gases: Distribution of velocities, Maxwell-Boltzmann law of distribution of velocities in
an ideal gas and its experimental verification, mean, RMS and most probable speeds, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition
of energy, specific heats of gases, molecular collisions, mean free path, collision probability, estimates of mean free path.
transport phenomenon in ideal gases: viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion, brownian motion and its significance; Real
gases: Behavior of real gases, Van der Waal’s equation of state for real gases, values of critical constants, Joule’s experiment,
free adiabatic expansion of a perfect gas, Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment, Joule-Thomson effect for real and Van der
Waal gases, temperature of inversion, Joule-Thomson Cooling.
References:
1. M. W. Zemansky, R. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, 2017.
2. S. C. Garg, R. M. Bansal, C. K. Ghosh, Thermal Physics: with Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics,
McGraw-Hill, 2017.
3. E. Fermi, Thermodynamics, Snow Ball Publications, 2010.
4. F. W. Sears, G. L. Salinger, Thermodynamics Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa Publications, 1998.
5. M. Alonso, E. Finn, Physics, Addison-Wesley, 2000.

PY2102: DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS [3 1 0 4]
Digital Circuits: Difference between analog and digital circuits, binary numbers, decimal to binary and binary to decimal
conversion, AND, OR and NOT Gates, NAND AND NOR Gates, Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR Gates. Boolean algebra: De
Morgan’s theorems, boolean laws, simplification of logic circuit using Boolean Algebra, Fundamental Products, Minterms and
Maxterms, Conversion of a Truth Table into an Equivalent Logic Circuit by (1) sum of products method and (2) Karnaugh Map.
Data processing circuits: Basic Idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders, Parity Checkers. Memories: Read-
only memories, PROM, EPROM; Arithmetic Circuits: Binary addition, binary subtraction using 2’s Complement method, half
adders and full adders and subtractors. Sequential Circuits: RS, D, and JK flip-flops, level clocked and edge triggered flip-flops,
preset and clear operations, race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flops, Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop. Timers: 555 Timer and its
applications: astable and monostable multivibrator. Shift registers: Serial-in-serial-out, serial-in-parallel-out, parallel-in-serial-
out, and parallel-in-parallel-out shift registers (only upto 4 bits). Counters: Asynchronous and synchronous counters, ring
counters, decade counter. D/A and A/D conversion: D/A converter– resistive network, accuracy and resolution. Computer
Organization: Input/Output Devices, Data storage (idea of RAM and ROM), computer memory, memory organization &
addressing, memory interfacing. memory map. Intel 8085 Microprocessor Architecture: Main features of 8085, block diagram,
components, pin-out diagram, buses, registers, ALU, memory, stack memory, timing control circuitry, timing states, instruction
cycle, timing diagram of MOV and MVI.
References:
1. D. P. Leach, A. P. Malvino, G. Saha, Digital Principles and Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2014.
2. T. L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Pearson, 2009.
3. M. Mano, Digital Logic & Computer Design, Pearson Education India, 2016.
4. R. F. Coughlin & F. F. Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, PHI. 2009.
5. R. A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education Asia, 2007.

PY2130: THERMAL PHYSICS LAB [0 0 4 2]
To determine J by Callender and Barne’s constant flow method, to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper
by Searle’s apparatus, to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Angstrom’s method, to determine the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method, to determine the temperature
coefficient of resistance by platinum resistance thermometer, to calibrate a resistance temperature device to measure
temperature in a specified range using Null Method/Off-Balance Bridge with Galvanometer based measurement, to study the
variation of Thermo-emf of a thermocouple with difference of temperature of its two junctions, to calibrate a thermocouple to
measure temperature in a specified range using null method.
References:
1. D. Chattopadhyay & P. C. Rakshit, An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., 2012.
2. C. L. Arora, BSc Practical Physics, S. Chand Publication, 2012.
142