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Genomics: Information flow in biology; DNA sequence data, experimental approaches, genome information resources-UCSC
genome browser, GENSCAN.
References:
1. T. K. Attwood, and P. Smith. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004.
2. S. C. Rastogi, N. Mendairatta and P. Rostogi. Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications (Genomics, proteomics and drug
discovery,) Printice Hall India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2008.
3. C. Subramanian. A text book of Bioinformatics. Dominat Publishers. New Delhi. 2015.
4. S. Pennigton and M.J. Dunn. Proteomics: From protein sequences to function, Viva Books Publishers, New Delhi, 2002.
5. D. H. Mount. Bioinformatics, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.

BT2102: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY [2 1 0 3]
Nucleic acids transfer genetic information: DNA as the carrier of genetic information, key experiments establishing-the Central
Dogma, DNA Double helix, genetic code. The Structures of DNA and RNA: DNA Structure, types of DNA, denaturation and
renaturation. DNA topology. The replication of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, general principles- bidirectional replication,
semiconservative, semi discontinuous. Enzyme involved in DNA replication – DNA polymerases, DNA ligase, primase, telomerase
and other accessory proteins. Mechanism of Transcription and translation: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Regulation of gene
expression: Lac operon model, catabolite repression.
References:
1. B.D. Singh. Biotechnology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2015.
2. P. K. Gupta. Text Book of Cell and Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications, Merrut, 2012.
3. B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J.D. Watson. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing Inc.,
New York, 2017.
4. G. Karp. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, John Wiley & Sons, New Delhi, 2008.
5. H. Lodish, A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudiara, D. Baltimore and J. Darnell. Molecular Cell Biology, WH Freeman & Co.
New York, 2013.

BT2103: PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS [3 1 0 4]
Science of Genetics: Overview of modern history of Genetics. General areas of genetics: Classical, Molecular & Evolutionary.
Mendelian Genetics and its Extension: Principles of Inheritance, Chromosome theory, Incomplete and co-dominance, Multiple
alleles, pleiotropy, Non-Mendelian inheritance: cytoplasmic inheritance. Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping, Sex
linked, sex limited and sex influenced characters. Interaction of genes: Intragenic and intergenic interactions, lethal genes,
complementary genes, supplementary genes, inhibitory genes, duplicate genes, epistatic genes. Mutations: chromosomal
mutations: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, aneuploidy and polyploidy, Molecular cytogenetics: Nuclear DNA
content, CoT curve and its significance.
References:
1. B.D. Singh. Fundamentals of Genetics. Kalyani Press, New Delhi, 2014.
2. B.N. Pandey. Cytology, Genetics and molecular genetics. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012.
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3. M.W. Strickberger. Genetics, Prantice Hall, 4 ed., New York, 2006.
4. E. J. Gardener, M. J. Simmons and D. P. Snustand. Principles of Genetics, John Wiley & Sons Publications, New Delhi, 2005.

BT2104: PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES [2 1 0 3]
Introduction and history of plant tissue culture: Introduction to techniques: laboratory facilities, tools and techniques; laboratory
planning and design. Concept of asepsis and methods of sterilization: physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Nutrient
Media: components of media, media preparation and its selection, growth hormones, vitamins, adjuvants. Different types of
media: Murashige & Skoog, B5, Nitsch and Nitsch, Woody Plant Medium (WPM) Tissue culture methodologies: cellular
totipotency, explant, callus culture, somaclonal variation, cell suspension culture, single cell culture, organ micro-culture, plant
micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed technology, protoplast culture. Secondary metabolite production in
tissue culture: culture initiation, biotransformation, elicitation, hairy root culture, immobilization, permeabilization, introduction
to bioreactor. Green house operation and management: hardening and acclimatization of tissue cultured plants.
References:
1. M.K. Razdan, An introduction of Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 2005.
2. S.S. Bhojwani, and M.K. Razdan. Plant Tissue Culture theory and practice a Revised Edition, Elsevier Science Publishers,
New York, USA, 2011.
3. S.D. Purohit. Introduction to Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2013.
4. O.L. Gemborg and G.C. Phillips. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 1998.
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5. S. Narayanaswamy. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New Delhi. 9 reprint. 2008.

BT2130: BOTANY LABORATORY-III [0 0 2 1]

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