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Physical Equilibrium
PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIUM: Equilibrium (balance) between physical factors
1. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM: The phase changes and then reverts back to the original state. A liquid changes to gas. Then the gas changes back to liquid.
Rate of evaporation = rate of condensation This change is shown as: Liquid ⇄ Gas
A solid changes to a liquid. Then the liquid changes back to a solid. (Think ice cubes melting and refreezing.)
Rate of melting = rate of freezing
This change is shown as: Solid ⇄ Liquid
• SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM: A saturated solution is at equilibrium because
the rate of dissolving = rate of crystallizing
UNIT 8: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM © 318
