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Functional Groups
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: An organic compound in which a functional group replaces one H (from the hydrocarbon chain)
Until now, we discussed the hydrocarbon group, which contains only C’s and H’s. Now we’ll learn about functional groups, which are similar to the hydrocarbon group, except that an H atom is replaced with other element(s).
Reffy, Table R (p. 8) shows the class of compound, the functional group it includes, the general formula for this class of compounds, and an example.
Table R
Organic Functional Groups
We will now learn more about each class of compound.
Class of Compound
Functional Group
General Formula
Example
halide
F (fluoro-) Cl (chloro-) Br (bromo-) I (iodo-)
RX
CH3CHClCH3 2-chloropropane
(halocarbon)
(X represents any halogen)
alcohol OH R OH
There are many Regents questions based on this
Reffy.
CH3CH2CH2OH
ether aldehyde
ORO R′ OO
CH RC H OO
CRC R′
CH3OCH2CH3 methyl ethyl ether
O
CH3CH2C H propanal
O
CH3CCH2CH2CH3 2-pentanone
ketone
1-propanol
UNIT 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY © 426