Page 447 - Chemistry eBook

Class of Compound
halide (halocarbon)
Functional Group
F (fluoro-) Cl (chloro-) Br (bromo-) I (iodo-)
General Formula
Example
CH3CHClCH3 2-chloropropane
O R O R′ OO
CH RCH OO
CH3OCH2CH3 methyl ethyl ether
O
CH3CH2C H propanal
O
R
(X represents any halogen)
ether aldehyde
OO
• Organic acids have a terminal double bond between C and O.
X
alcohol OH R OH
The Organic Acid Functional Group
CH3CH2CH2OH 1-propanol
ketone
CH CCH CH CH C RCR′ 3223
2-pentanone
O
• Together, these form the -COOH group: a group that includes a C,
Reffy, Table R (p. 8)
organic acid
O
C OH
O
R C OH
O
CH3CH2C OH propanoic acid
ester
CH3CH2COCH3
C O R C O R′
• They also have a single bond between C and OH.
R′
an O and an OH (see the general formula on
R
amine
2
2
2
N R N R′′ • Organic acids are electrolytes.
amide
O OR′ C NH R C NH
Note: R represents a bonded atom or group of atoms.
methyl propanoate
CH CH CH NH
effy
).
3 1-propanamine
O
CH3CH2C NH2 propanamide
UNIT 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY © 446