Page 461 - Chemistry eBook

Substitution
Substitution: Replacing an H with a different element • After substitution, you are always left with a byproduct.
We start out with an ethane and replace an H with Cl2. The leftovers are the H that got replaced and the extra Cl from Cl2 that wasn’t used in the reaction.
Substitution – We substitute a new element for an H.
Substitution will only happen with a single saturated bond.
Alkane +
Different element 
New compound +
Byproduct
Ethane +
Cl2 
2-chloroethane +
HCl
Ethane
Cl2
2-chloroethane
HCl
• Substitution only occurs in alkanes (which have saturated organic bonds).
UNIT 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY © 460