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Kim，K.etal.
4.1. CitizensCooperativeOrganizationforDisaster
Prevention
Ourquestionaireresults，on-sitesurveys，andrecords stronglysugestthenedtoplanandcreatecoperative organizationswithlocalcitizenssotheycancolaborate andasistinimprovingsafetymeasuresatwoodencul- turalheritagesites.
Since most sites already have suficient fire- and disaster-prevention equipment instaled and regular1y maintained，thepriorityshouldnowbeonquicklyand e妊'ectivelyreactingincasesofpotentialproblems. Aι filiatesinchargeofpropertymanagementatthesesites admitthatlocalresidentsintheirprecinctsarefewand mostlyelder1y [8].
Withacriticaltimewindowexistingbeforethenearest firebrigadescanariveona白rescene，theinitialresponse measurestakengreatlyinftuencepotentialdamageatthe site[9].
Thismakesaquickresponseandconsistentsurveil- lancecrucial，sothemoste百ectivesolutionwouldinvolve getingthecoperationoflocalresidents.Inotherwords， itisbesttomakecoperativenetworksamonglocalresi- dents自，restation，andotherpublicinstitutionsinthesites. Creatingsuchpartnershipswouldhelpenablerelatedpar- tiestoworktogetherplaningadetailedcourseofaction tofolowinfiresandsimilarocurences.Takingprepara- toryand/orpreventivemeasureswouldalsohelptomini- mizetheriskofsucheventsocuring[10].
4.2. CooperativeDisasterPreventionbetweenCiti- zensandHeritageSites
4.2.1.ResponsibilityforCultivatingMunicipalMem- bers
Withheritagesitesdealingregularlywithfire- and disaster-preventionmanagement，itisnecesarytode- velopsuportsystemsconsistingofcitizensindesignated nearbyareasiftheinitialresponseofsiteafiliatesisnot enoughtodealwithemergenciesorrequiresaditional suportandcoperationinemergencies[1].
Memberswesugestwouldbemostresponsiblefor creatingsuchsuportsystemsareorganizationoficials， businesesneartheheritagesite，andlocalcitizens.Such personswouldbeinformedinadvanceofbasic白re-and disaster-preventiontechniquesandonthewoodencultural heritagesiteitself. Thesepersonswould，intum，bere- sponsibleforincreasingthelevelofinterest.Inthisway， theycouldthenpasoninformationtoothermembersof organizationsandhelpcreateandimplementplansinad- vanceofanypotentialfireordisaster.
4.2.2. Co operativeSystemActivities
Oneofthebigestcausesoffiresatwoodencultural heritagesitesinJapanisarson，makingitimportanttocre- ateanenvironmenthelpingpreventarsonistsfromacting [12].
Havinglocalcitizensandheritagesitepersonel，for example，patrolandinspectthesiteandspeaktoanyone
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theymaymeetwouldmeetwouldhelpincreasethenum- bersofwatchfuleyesnededinsuchwork.Residentsand othersencounteringsuspiciousindividualsduringpatrols couldthenirimediatelycontactpoliceorfirestationsand heritagesitepersone.l Incasesofsuspiciousconduct， thosepatrolingsitesshouldbeawareofsuchbehavior andhelpcreateanenvironmentthatreducestheriskof potentialarson.
Wedeterminedthatthemainreasonforfiresatcultural siteswasarson，thehighestnumbersofwhichocured betweenmidnightand06:0，similartotrendswithcon- ventionalarsonincidences. Withmostocurencesbe- ingattemplesandshrines，wethoughtthatmaincenters and/orprayerhalswouldbemostlikelytargeted.Wealso thoughtthatpublicatentioncouldbeengagedbytarget- ingalargebutunspecifiednumberofplaces.Thesecases arecausedmostlybysingleindividualsintheir20sor younger，withmostbeingunemployed，students，orp訂 t- timeworkerswhoaredivorcedorsingle.
Arsonisanactinwhichapersondeliberatelystarts maliciousfiretoanotherproperty，soitisvitaltoconsider creatinganenvironmentinwhichfiresareunlikelytooc- cur. Of ficials in charge of cultural heritage sites should， forexample，discusandfindagrementwithlocalresi- dentsaboutimplementinglocalpatrolsandstrengthening surveilancecolectivelybyinspectingactualculturalsite grounds. Theimportanceofthesepatrolsisclearwhen thosepatrolingpremisesprciactivelyaproachsuspicious individualsandgetintouchwithlocalpoliceand白repa- trolstopreventpotentialfires.Suchdepcommunication linksamongsociety'smemberstopreventincidentsand respondquicklycanbeexecutedinemergencies.Itiscru- cialinthecaseofafiretoinitialyrespondbypromptly calingpoliceand/orfirestationsforhelp，beginextin- guishingthefire，instructvisitorshowtoevacuate，and removeBudhistfiguresandotherartworkandvaluables fromthepremises，preventingafirefromexpandingafter Itstarts.
Regularfire-preventionmanagementsystemsandini- tialresponseinemergenciesinsavingobjectsconsidered culturalasetscanotbeimplementedfulyandsuces- fulybyculturalsitepersonelalone，makingitvitalto communicatewithlocalresidentsandbusinesestocre- ateacoperativesystemaboutwhichthatalcanmutualy agreandsuportintimesofn
• Residentslivingnearculturalheritagesites
• Businesoficesnearculturalheritagesites
• Independentdisasterpreventionorganizationsnear culturalsites
• Organizationoficialsandrelatedtoculturalsites. 4.2.3.FireandEmergencyDrils
Initialresponsessuchasnotifyingothersofincidents andatemptingtoextinguishfiresarecrucialinpoten- tialyreducingdamagetositewherefiresbreakoutand
JoumalofDisasterResearchVol.I0No，4. 2015