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6. A: Look at the cicadas on that man’s arm. He’s just standing there calmly.
B: I see. The cicadas (must not / bother) him.

7. A: The researchers look like they're counting the cicadas. Are they?
B: No, they them (could not / count).
There are too many to count—probably billions this year.

8. A: Why are there so few cars on the road tonight?

B: I’m not sure, but people (might not / drive)
because it’s dangerous. When cicadas fly into car windshields, it’s difficult to see.

PRACTICE

8 Circle the correct modals to complete the paragraph.

Can Plants Hear?

According to a recent study, plants (1) have got to Inighdbe able to “listen to” other nearby
plants. You might think this theory is impossible and (2) can’t / might not be true. However, the

study suggests that some plants—such as basil—are good neighbors. Researchers think that they
(3) may / must be helping other plants grow better. This (4) could / must be because the plants are

communicating through sound vibrations (movements), but there will need to be more research
before we know for sure. It (5) must / can’t be difficult to get money for research, though, because

the researchers say they have very little money left to continue their plant study. If they do not get
more funding, they (6) may not / must not be able to continue their work. This would be a shame

because the research is important. The results of these studies (7) could / must help humans in
the future. For example, farmers (8) could / have to use sound to encourage or discourage the

growth of certain plants. Just imagine, one day a farmer might even use music to help crops grow.
It (9) must not / may not happen anytime soon, but it’s possible.

9 Read the headlines. Then complete the statements about them. Use might, may not, must, or
can‘tand the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Add not where necessary. More than
one answer is sometimes possible.

Residents Want to Stop New Building Near Bat Cave

1. “The residents must like (like) bats and, and they
must not think (think) the new building is a good idea.”

Plants Unhappy Without Other Plants Nearby

2. “Plants don’t have feelings. The writer (joke).”

Shark Seen on Subway Car in New York City

3. “That (be) true. There are no sharks in the city.”
214 MODALS: PART 2
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