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∑’Ë 3 Õ—π‰¥â¡’°“√·ª≈§—¡¿’√å¢Õß»“ π“π’ȇªìπ¿“…“ª“≈«’ ´÷Ëß„™â„π‡ªÕ√凴’¬ ¡—¬π—Èπ ™◊ËÕ«à“ §—¡¿’√å

‡¡πÕ°‘¢√—∑

2. π‘°“¬°—∑¡‘ π‘°“¬π’Ȭ÷¥¡—Ëπ„π§—¡¿’√å∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬æ‘∏’°√√¡µà“ßÊ Õ—π‰¥â·°à §—¡¿’√å ™–¬‘µ-

‡π™–¬‘µ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π ¡—¬‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫§—¡¿’√凡πÕ°‘¢√—∑

10.8 —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õß»“ π“

—≠≈—°…≥å¢Õß»“ π“‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å ‰¥â·°à ‚§¡‰ø ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡À¡“¬∂÷ß· ß «à“ß ·≈–§«“¡

Õ∫ÕÿàπÕ—π‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬· ¥ß∂÷ߧÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢Õßæ√–‡®â“Õ“Àÿ√¡— ¥“ ºŸâ∑√ߧ«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ºŸâ∑√ß

· ß «à“߬‘Ëß°«à“· ß «à“ßÕ—π„¥ ºŸâª√–∑“𧫓¡Õ∫Õÿàπ„Àâ·°à¡πÿ…¬å∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ‰øºŸâ„Àâ°”‡π‘π· ß
«à“߬àÕ¡‡º“º≈“≠ ‘Ëß °ª√°„Àâ‡À≈◊Õ·µà§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ‡ª√’¬∫‡ ¡◊Õπæ√–‡®â“ª√–∑—∫Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë„¥

∑’Ëπ—Ëπ¬àÕ¡¡’·µà§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï

10.9 ∞“π–¢Õß»“ π“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π

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»“ π“‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å ‡°‘¥·≈–‡®√‘≠„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘À√à“π°«à“ 1,000 ªï à«π‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
»“ π“π’ÈÕ—πµ√∏“πÀ“¬‰ª®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ‘À√à“π°Á‡æ√“–∂Ÿ°Õ”π“®µà“ß™“µ‘µà“ß»“ π“‡¢â“‰ª

√ÿ°√“π∫—ߧ—∫„À⇪≈’Ë¬π»“ π“¡“π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“¢Õßµπ „§√¢—¥¢◊π®–∂Ÿ°¶à“ ®π™“«‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å

∑’ˉ¡à¬Õ¡‡ª≈’Ë¬π»“ π“ µâÕßÕæ¬æÀπ’¡“Õ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ¡◊Õß∫Õ¡‡∫¬å ª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬·≈–ª√–‡∑»Õ◊Ëπ ®π

∫Õ¡‡∫¬å‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß»“ π“‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å„πªí®®ÿ∫—π »“ π‘°™π¢Õß»“ π“‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 180,000 §π ‚¥¬¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà∑’˪√–‡∑»Õ‘À√à“πª√–¡“≥ 30,000 §π ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“

æ«°°“∫“√ å (Gabars) §”«à“°“∫“√å‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ∑’Ë™“«‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√åµ—Èߢ÷Èπ À“°·µà‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë

¡ÿ ≈‘¡‡√’¬°·ª≈«à“æ«°πÕ°»“ π“ à«π™“«‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å‡√’¬°µ—«‡Õß«à“´“√套 ‡µ’¬π À√◊Õ
∫“À契π—π ™“«‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å„πÕ‘À√à“π à«π„À≠à®–Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¡◊Õ߬“´“¥ ‡¡◊Õ߇°Õ¡—π·≈–°√ÿ߇µÀ–√“π

1
Noss Daridûs. A History of the Worldûs Religions, 1994 p. 403.
DOU 279
» “ π “ ‚ ´ ‚ √ Õ— ‡ µ Õ √å