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conference, required the authors to insert special tags to indicate italic, bold, superscript, and subscript formatting.
Their example for a start and end tag for italicized text appeared as follows:

$\IPseudomonas aeruginosa$$END is detected . . .

They also required that Greek characters be spelled out and preceded by a $ tag. Abstracts were submitted from an
Official Abstract Form on the Society's Web site. Items on the form included boxes for submission type, the title,
author names and affiliations, the abstract itself, and three keywords. To submit the abstract, the author merely pressed
the Submit button.

Page Layout and Typography

Because many journals and professional publications now accept papers in electronic format, you will need to find out
what format the publication requires and set up your word-processing pages accordingly, prior to submission.
Publication requirements may include margin settings, typefaces, and heading styles. Journals will usually specify
such formatting considerations as justification and alignment of text. If you are submitting your paper electronically,
you will need to know a little about typography and page makeup as well as the basics of word processing.

Margins

Many journals specify the preferred size for margins. Your word-processing program will allow you to set the widths
for all your margins. Within the top or bottom margins, you can set consecutive page numbers, any identifying text
that you select, and even the date and time. Information set in this way is referred to as a header or footer, depending
on whether it is placed at the top or bottom of the page. You can place the page number at the top of the page as a
header or at the bottom as a footer. You can center the page number at top or bottom, or you can set it left or right at
top or bottom. You can even make the numbers of facing pages set on the inside or the outside margins of both. You
will want to consult with the editors of the journal to which you are submitting for their preference in placing page
numbers.

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Justification and Alignment

Justification describes the particular alignment of the type. Left-justified text, the most common format for text, lines
up vertically on the left. It may be ragged on the right, meaning the type is not lined up vertically on the right.
Justified text, the style usually employed in typesetting books, lines up vertically on both the right and left margins.
The word-processing application sets up justified text by adding or subtracting the spacing between words in each line
to force the alignment on both left and right margins. Although your word-processing program will allow you to do
this easily, most journals prefer that you submit electronic material in a left-justified ragged-right format. Doing so
avoids the need for their typesetting system to override the commands of your word-processing program.

Hyphenation

Word-processing applications allow automatic hyphenation. The computer refers to a dictionary and to rules of
hyphenation that are built into the application. These dictionaries may not always work for you, especially since
scientific terminology is often not found in an ordinary word-processing dictionary. Your word-processing program
will also allow you to hyphenate unknown words manually. The new words are saved in a custom dictionary for
future use. Specialized dictionaries are available for a number of scientific disciplines. Most journals ask you not to
hyphenate text because the hyphenation may interfere with their typesetting system. In addition, some words may lose
clarity of meaning when broken up by a hyphen. In text set ragged right, long words do not need to be hyphenated.
Publications that do allow hyphenation may have a particular style requirement, such as never to set more than three

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