Page 2242 - war-and-peace

The only conception that can explain the movement of
the peoples is that of some force commensurate with the
whole movement of the peoples.
Yet to supply this conception various historians take
forces of different kinds, all of which are incommensurate
with the movement observed. Some see it as a force directly
inherent in heroes, as the peasant sees the devil in the loco-
motive; others as a force resulting from several other forces,
like the movement of the wheels; others again as an intellec-
tual influence, like the smoke that is blown away.
So long as histories are written of separate individuals,
whether Caesars, Alexanders, Luthers, or Voltaires, and not
the histories of all, absolutely all those who take part in an
event, it is quite impossible to describe the movement of hu-
manity without the conception of a force compelling men to
direct their activity toward a certain end. And the only such
conception known to historians is that of power.
This conception is the one handle by means of which the
material of history, as at present expounded, can be dealt
with, and anyone who breaks that handle off, as Buckle did,
without finding some other method of treating historical
material, merely deprives himself of the one possible way
of dealing with it. The necessity of the conception of power
as an explanation of historical events is best demonstrat-
ed by the universal historians and historians of culture
themselves, for they professedly reject that conception but
inevitably have recourse to it at every step.
In dealing with humanity’s inquiry, the science of his-
tory up to now is like money in circulationpaper money and

2242 War and Peace