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a way to shape the resilient character of become less independent as they could the development of intellectual capacity Muhammadiyah (IMM) Dakwah Management
the Muslim students so they would be not join the Cipayung Group that and to empowering civil society. The- IMM was the last Muslim student Training in Salman
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able to contribute something positive to consisted of HMI, GMNI, GMKI, and politicization policy of the New Order organization established during the Mosque at the Bandung
the nation. PMKRI. The dependency of PMII was not government was a blessing in disguise Old Order era. A few years after the Institute of Technology
only in terms of the organizational matter, for PMII, because it confirms the moment
Along with the growth of the educated but also in politics. At that time NU had of PMII as an organization that wanted NU affiliated students had sparated Source: Documentation
groups in Indonesia, PMII managed to become part of PPP (Partai Persatuan to put high commitment to other aspects from HMI, the Muhammadiyah affiliated Salman Mosque ITB
grow and develop rapidly. The massive Pembangunan/United Development of Islam, such as the transformative students also made a breakaway. IMM
participation of the traditionalist students Party). In 1972 PMII formally declared nature of Islam, democracy, and religious was founded in Yogyakarta on March 14,
to PMII helped to accelerates the growth its independence in the Murnajati pluralism. 40 1964. There were several factors behind
of organization. In the late 1960s, PMII Declaration, since in 1974 PMII could join the establishment of IMM. Ideologically
had reached thousands of members the Cipayung Group. The entry of PMII In line with HMI, the alumni of PMII have considered the establishment of IMM
most of the were IAIN students. In into the Cipayung Group confirmed the increasingly put their contribution at was due to the dissatisfaction of a
37
1961 PMII Congress was attended by status of PMII as a student organization, the national level. Some of the former younger generation of Muhammadiyah
13 branches, still being dominated by with a high commitment to the nation’s chairmen of the PMII Executive Board against HMI, the organization which had
branches in Java and Sumatra, while the affairs. (PB PMII) pursued their political career been considered to be less consistent
2 PMII Congress in Yogyakarta was through PPP, PKB, as members of with their Islamic modernist ideology.
nd
attended by 31 branches including those In the New Order era, PMII was also parliament or other national institutions. The modernist concept of renewal had
of Kalimantan and Sulawesi. 38 affected by de-politicization process. In national politics people like always been an important principle
As a socio-religious organization PMII Suryadharma Ali, Muhaimin Iskandar, for the Muhammadiyah students
The national spirit of PMII was also was affected by the government policy Slamet Effendi Yusuf, Maftuh Basuni,
evident in the organization’s commitment of making Pancasila as the single Arifin Junaidi, Andi Muarli Sunrawa, being an autonomous organization of
to the state affairs. In addition to principle. like other youth and student Otong Abdurrahman, Ali Masykur Musa, the Muhammadiyah. Sociologically,
engaging into the political transformation organizations PMII had to take sole and other had joined the political arena. the establishment of IMM was also
process from the Old Order to the New principle as a necessity. Acceptance Another interesting thing was that almost stipulated by the emergence of many
Order by way of joining into the 1966 of Pancasila as the sole principle not all members Central Executive Board of Muhammadiyah universities. The
Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia dan only meant their submission to the the National Awakening Party (DPP PKB) dissatisfaction of the young generation of
Kesatuan Aksi Pemuda Pelajar Indonesia government as an organization, it also are the former PMII activists, either at Muhammadiyah to the ideology of HMI
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(the Indonesian Student Action Union a political strategy. In line with NU, the national level or at the lower regional had led to the birth of IMM.
and the Indonesian Youths-Student PMII decided to return to the 1926 levels. Thus, PMII was not only a mass Another sociological factor is that the
Action Union, KAMI-KAPPI), PMII was basic principle (khittah) as their tactical base organization for PKB, but also a establishment of IMM was to complete
also actively involved in expelling PKI struggle by abstaining from practical reservoir of highly loyal politicians. the organizational structure of the young
from of the Indonesian soil. However politics. As a consequence, PMII put generations of Muhammadiyah that had
their dependence on NU made PMII more focus on the internal affairs, namely 3) Ikatan Mahasiswa established Nasyi’atul Aisyiyah (founded

330 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 331