Page 704 - Atlas of Creation Volume 2

FOX'S "PROTEINOIDS"
Sydney Fox, who was influ-
enced by Miller's scenario,
formed the above molecules,
which he called "pro-
teinoids," by joining amino
acids together. However,
these chains of nonfunction-
ing amino acids had no re-
semblance to the real proteins that make up the bodies of
living things. Actually, all these efforts showed not only that
life did not come about by chance, but also that it could not
be reproduced in laboratory conditions.

they are not at all similar to the very regular proteins present in living things. They are nothing but useless, irregu-
lar chemical stains. It was explained that even if such molecules had formed in the early ages, they would definitely
be destroyed. 227

Indeed, the proteinoids Fox obtained were totally different from real proteins, both in structure and func-
tion. The difference between proteins and these proteinoids was as huge as the difference between a piece of
high-tech equipment and a heap of unprocessed iron.

Furthermore, there was no chance that even these irregular amino acid chains could have survived in the
primordial atmosphere. Harmful and destructive physical and chemical effects caused by heavy exposure to
ultraviolet light and other unstable natural conditions would have caused these proteinoids to disintegrate.
Because of the Le Châtelier principle, it was also impossible for the amino acids to combine underwater, where
ultraviolet rays would not reach them. In view of this, the idea that the proteinoids were the basis of life even-

tually lost support among scientists.

The Origin of the DNA Molecule

Our examinations so far have shown that the theory of evolution is in a serious quandary at the molecular
level. Evolutionists have shed no light on the formation of amino acids at all. The formation of proteins, on the
other hand, is another mystery all its own.
Yet the problems are not even limited just to amino acids and proteins: These are only the beginning.
Beyond them, the extremely complex structure of the cell leads evolutionists to yet another impasse. The rea-

son for this is that the cell is not just a heap of amino-acid-structured proteins, but rather one of the most com-
plex systems man has ever encountered.
While the theory of evolution was having such trouble providing a coherent explanation for the existence
of the molecules that are the basis of the cell structure, developments in the science of genetics and the discov-
ery of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) produced brand-new problems for the theory. In 1953, James Watson and

Francis Crick launched a new age in biology with their work on the structure of DNA.
The molecule known as DNA, which is found in the nucleus of each of the 100 trillion cells in our bodies,
contains the complete blueprint for the construction of the human body. The information regarding all the
characteristics of a person, from physical appearance to the structure of the inner organs, is recorded in DNA
within the sequence of four special bases that make up the giant molecule. These bases are known as A, T, G,
and C, according to the initial letters of their names. All the structural differences among people depend on

variations in the sequences of these letters. In addition to features such as height, and eye, hair and skin colors,
the DNA in a single cell also contains the design of the 206 bones, the 600 muscles, the 100 billion nerve cells
(neurons), 1.000 trillion connections between the neurons of the brain, 97,000 kilometers of veins, and the 100
trillion cells of the human body. If we were to write down the information coded in DNA, then we would have
to compile a giant library consisting of 900 volumes of 500 pages each. But the information this enormous li-

702 Atlas of Creation Vol. 2