Page 728 - Atlas of Creation Volume 2

Plants form the fundamental basis of life on earth. They are an indispensable condi-
tion for life, as they provide food and release oxygen to the air.

One of the most difficult stages to be explained in evolution is to scientif-
ically explain how organelles and complex cells developed from these
primitive creatures. No transitional form has been found between these
two forms. One- and multicelled creatures carry all this complex struc-

ture, and no creature or group has yet been found with organelles of a
simpler construction in any way, or which are more primitive. In other
words, the organelles carried forward have developed just as they are.
They have no simple and primitive forms. 291

One wonders, what is it that encourages Professor Ali Demirsoy, a loyal adherent of the
theory of evolution, to make such an open admission? The answer to this question can be
given quite clearly when the great structural differences between bacteria and plant cells are

examined.
These are:

1- While the walls of bacterial cells are formed of polysaccharide and protein, the
walls of plant cells are formed of cellulose, a totally different structure.
2- While plant cells possess many organelles, covered in membranes and pos-
sessing very complex structures, bacterial cells lack typical organelles. In bacterial cells
there are just freely moving tiny ribosomes. But the ribosomes in plant cells are larger and are attached

to the cell membrane. Furthermore, protein synthesis takes place by different means in the two types of ri-
bosomes.
3- The DNA structures in plant and bacterial cells are different.
4- The DNA molecule in plant cells is protected by a double-layered membrane, whereas the DNA in bac-
terial cells stands free within the cell.
5- The DNA molecule in bacterial cells resembles a closed loop; in other words, it is circular. In plants, the

DNA molecule is linear.
6- The DNA molecule in bacterial cells carries information belonging to just one cell, but in plant cells the
DNA molecule carries information about the whole plant. For example, all the information about a fruit-bearing
tree's roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit are all found separately in the DNA in the nucleus of just one cell.
7- Some species of bacteria are photosynthetic, in other words, they carry out photosynthesis. But unlike

plants, in photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria, for instance), there is no chloroplast containing chlorophyll
and photosynthetic pigments. Rather, these molecules are buried in various membranes all over the cell.
8- The biochemistry of messenger RNA formation in prokaryotic (bacterial) cells and in eukaryotic (includ-
ing plant and animal) cells are quite different from one another. 292
Messenger RNA plays a vital role for the cell to live. But although messenger RNA assumes the same vital
role in both prokaryotic cells and in eukaryotic cells, their biochemical structures are different. J. Darnell wrote

the following in an article published in Science:

The differences in the biochemistry of messenger RNA formation in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes are so pro-
found as to suggest that sequential prokaryotic to eukaryotic cell evolution seems unlikely. 293

The structural differences between bacterial and plant cells, of which we have seen a few examples above,
lead evolutionist scientists to another dead-end. Although plant and bacterial cells have some aspects in com-
mon, most of their structures are quite different from one another. In fact, since there are no membrane-sur-
rounded organelles or a cytoskeleton (the internal network of protein filaments and microtubules) in bacterial

cells, the presence of several very complex organelles and cell organization in plant cells totally invalidates the
claim that the plant cell evolved from the bacterial cell.
Biologist Ali Demirsoy openly admits this, saying, "Complex cells never developed from primitive cells by
a process of evolution." 294

726 Atlas of Creation Vol. 2