Page 737 - Atlas of Creation Volume 2

Harun Yahya

does not utilize available energy stored as ATP molecules. Instead, it has a special energy source: Bacteria
use energy from the flow of ions across their outer cell membranes. The inner structure of the motor is ex-
tremely complex. Approximately 240 distinct proteins go into constructing the flagellum. Each one of these
is carefully positioned. Scientists have determined that these proteins carry the signals to turn the motor on
or off, form joints to facilitate movements at the atomic scale, and activate other proteins that connect the fla-

gellum to the cell membrane. The models constructed to summarize the working of the system are enough
to depict the complicated nature of the system.
The complicated structure of the bacterial flagellum is sufficient all by itself to demolish the theory of
evolution, since the flagellum has an irreducibly complex structure. If one single molecule in this fabulously
complex structure were to disappear, or become defective, the flagellum would neither work nor be of any
use to the bacterium. The flagellum must have been working perfectly from the first moment of its existence.

This fact again reveals the nonsense in the theory of evolution's assertion of "step by step development." In
fact, not one evolutionary biologist has so far succeeded in explaining the origin of the bacterial flagellum al-
though a few tried to do so.
The bacterial flagellum is clear evidence that even in supposedly "primitive" creatures there is an extra-
ordinary design. As humanity learns more about the details, it becomes increasingly obvious that the organ-

isms considered to be the simplest by the scientists of nineteenth century, including Darwin, are in fact just
as complex as any others.

Signs of Creation in the Human Eye

The human eye is a very complex system consisting of the delicate conjunction of some 40 separate com-
ponents. Let us consider just one of these components: for example, the lens. We do not usually realize it, but
the thing that enables us to see things clearly is the constant automatic focusing of the lens. If you wish, you
can carry out a small experiment on this subject: Hold your index finger up in the air. Then look at the tip of
your finger, then at the wall behind it. Every time you look from your finger to the wall you will feel an ad-

justment.
This adjustment is made by small muscles around the lens. Every time we look at something, these mus-
cles go into action and enable us to see what we are looking at clearly by changing the thickness of the lens
and turning it at the right angle to the light. The lens carries out this adjustment every second of our lives,

and makes no mistakes. Photographers make the same adjustments in their cameras by hand, and some-
times have to struggle for quite some time to get the right focus. Within the last 10 to 15 years, modern tech-
nology has produced cameras which focus automatically, but no camera can focus as quickly and as well as
the eye.
For an eye to be able to see, the 40 or so basic components which make it up need to be present at the
same time and work together perfectly. The lens is only one of these. If all the other components, such as the

cornea, iris, pupil, retina, and eye muscles, are all present and functioning properly, but just the eyelid is
missing, then the eye will shortly incur serious damage and cease to carry out its function. In the same way,
if all the subsystems exist but tear production ceases, then the eye will dry up and go blind within a few
hours.
The theory of evolution's claim of "reducibility" loses all meaning in the face of the complex structure of

the eye. The reason is that, in order for the eye to function, all its parts need to be present at the same time. It
is impossible, of course, for the mechanisms of natural selection and mutation to give rise to the eye's dozens
of different subsystems when they can confer no advantage right up until the last stage. Professor Ali
Demirsoy accepts the truth of this in these words:

It is rather hard to reply to a third objection. How was it possible for a complicated organ to come about suddenly
even though it brought benefits with it? For instance, how did the lens, retina, optic nerve, and all the other parts

in vertebrates that play a role in seeing suddenly come about? Because natural selection cannot choose separately
between the visual nerve and the retina. The emergence of the lens has no meaning in the absence of a retina. The
simultaneous development of all the structures for sight is unavoidable. Since parts that develop separately

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