Page 48 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP

48 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

1. Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) 1. _o¾o{Q>H$ B§H$ Ho$aoŠQ>a arS>a (MICR)
2. Optical Scanner. 2. Am°ßQ>rH$b ñHo$Za
Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) _o¾o{Q>H$ B§H$ Ho$aoŠQ>a arS>a (MICR)
MICR is read as "miker". This scanner is Bg àH$ma Ho$ ñHo$Za '"_mBH$a'' H$hbmVo h¢ Ÿ& `o
capable of recognising special characters {deof àH$ma H$s Mw§~H$s` ñ`mhr go {bIo Ho$aoŠQ>a H$mo
printed using magnetic ink. This ink contains
Iron oxide particles which is a magnetic mate- nhMmZZo H$s j_Vm aIVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg ñ`mhr _| Am`aZ
rial, for example, a MICR is widely used in Am°ŠgmB©S> Ho$ H$U hmoVo h¢ Omo {H$ EH$ Mw§~H$s` nXmW© h¡ &
banks to read the information from a cheque. CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, Bg ñHo$Za H$m Cn`moJ ~¢H$ _| MoH$ na
When the cheques are issued to customer the {bIr OmZH$mar n‹T>Zo _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& O~ MoH$ {H$gr J«mhH$
bank identification and cheque numbers are H$mo àXmZ {H$E OmVo h¢ Vmo CZna nhbo go Mw§~H$s` ñ`mhr
already printed with magnetic ink, on lower
left-side of cheque. When a cheque is recieved, H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$ ~¢H$ H$s nhMmZ H$m Z§~a d MoH$ Z§~a
the account number, amount etc. are printed at {bIm hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& O~ H$moB© J«mhH$ MoH$ H$mo ^aH$a ~¢H$ _|
lower right side by the bank employee. The O_m H$aVm h¡, Vmo H$_©Mmar Ûmam Mw§~H$s` ñ`mhr go ImVm
cheque is then passed into "MICR" scanner ma- Z§~a VWm aH$_ {bI {X`m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ níMmV² MoH$
chine. The magnetic field of the machine H$mo MICR ñHo$Za _| S>mb {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& `h ñHo$Za Vrd«
magnetise the iron-oxide material. Now a read
head is used to read the characters. Thus, this is J{V go g§nyU© OmZH$mar H$mo H$åß`yQ>a H$mo àXmZ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&
a direct, accurate and fast data entry system. AV… H$_ g_` _| A{YH$ MoH$ pŠb`a hmo OmVo h¢ …

Fig. 1.9: Magnetic Ink Characters on a Cheque

Optical Scanners Am°ßQ>rH$b ñHo$Zg©
These scanners use light for reading the `o ñHo$Zg© S>m°Š`y_oÝQ> go gyMZm H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE
information from document. The light is made àH$me H$m Cn`moJ H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& EH$ S>m°Q> `m ~ma go àH$me
incident on the document, the reflected light
from a dot or from a bar is sensed by photode- H$mo H$mJO na Amn{VV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| namd{V©V
tector. The intensity of reflected light is used to hmoH$a AmZo dmbr àH$me-Vrd«Vm H$mo n‹T>H$a Amdí`H$
get the actual information. There are three types OmZH$mar hm{gb H$s OmVr h¡ Ÿ& `o VrZ àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&
of optical scanners:
 Optical Character Reader (OCR)  Am°ßQ>rH$b Ho$aoŠQ>a arS>a
 Optical Mark Reader (OMR)  Am°ßQ>rH$b _mH©$ arS>a
 Optical Bar-code Reader  Am°ßQ>rH$b ~ma-H$moS> arS>a
Optical Character Reader Am°ßQ>rH$b Ho$aoŠQ>a arS>a
OCR is used to convert the images into a OCR H$s ghm`Vm go {H$gr B_oO H$mo 0 VWm 1 _|
set of 0s and 1s. This binary information is ~Xb {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg OmZH$mar H$mo H$åß`yQ>a H$s
stored in computer memory. The image may be _o_moar _| S>mb {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& `h B_oO `m Vmo Q>oŠñQ>, `m