Page 12 - 07_Social Studies and Population Education Book 7_2078 Revised and Updated Edition

They invented fire by striking stones and gradually developed cooking.
They used fish for food (including crabs, mussels, and other aquatic animals).

Animal skins were used as cloth to cover themselves.
They painted on cave walls and on stones.

They developed emotional attachment towards their settlement areas etc.

B. Barbarian (Middle Age)

The term “barbarian” refers to a state
of being uncivilized. However, it is

an improved stage of human society
in comparison to the savagery stage.
During this stage, animals were
domesticated by humans. Also this
stage saw the beginning of agriculture Agricultural Society

and metal work.

Main Features of Barbarian stage (Middle Age):
Humans started to live in permanent settlements.

They developed animal husbandry and farming.

They developed language, art and kinship.
Use of pottery and iron weapons started.

They believed in divine power and started death ritual.

C. Civilized Stage (Modern Age)

This is the final and the most developed
stage of human society. The present
society is the example of a civilized
society. With the development of the

alphabet and writing as well as the
formation of states, governments and
city settlements in many locations, the
civilized stage of society began. Modern society

12 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7