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ART. 19(1) THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 63
Classification of direct recruits and promoted Engineers — State of Gujarat v C.G. Desai and Others, AIR 1974 SC 246 : 1974-I-LLJ-252 (SC) : (1974)1 SCC 188.
Classification on the basis of Educational qualification — Rajasthan State Electricity Board Accountants Association, Jaipur v Rajasthan State Electricity Board and Another, AIR 1997 SC 882 : 1997 SCC (L and S) 644.
Prerequisite conditions for appointment — Banarsidas and Others v State of Uttar Pradesh and Others, AIR 1956 SC 520.
A litigant who invokes the jurisdiction of a Court for claiming seniority, it is obligatory on his part to come to the Court at the earliest or at least within a reasonable span of time. — Vijay Kumar Kaul v Union of India, AIR 2012 SC 2274 : (2012)7 SCC 610 .
17. Abolition of Untouchability.—“Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
COMMENTS
It is imperative to abolish caste system for smooth functioning of rule of law and democracy. (State of U.P. v Ram Sajivan, AIR 2010 SC 1738 : (2010)1 SCC 529).
Article 17 and Union of the Founding Fathers of the Constitution - Discussed. — N. Adithayan v The Travancore Devaswom Board and Others, AIR 2002 SC 3538 : (2002)8 SCC 106.
18. Abolition of titles.—(1) No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.
(2) No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.
(3) No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent of the President any title from any foreign State.
(4) No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present, emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State.
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National awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan are not “titles” within the meaning of Article 18. (Balaji Raghavan v Union of India, AIR 1996 SC 770 : (1996)1 SCC 361).
National Awards — Balaji Raghavan v Union of India, AIR 1996 SC 770 : (1996)1 SCC 361.
Right to Freedom
19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech,
etc.—(1) All citizens shall have the right— A KLJ PUBLICATION