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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA ART. 20(3)
State of Andhra Pradesh and Others v McDowell and Company and Others, AIR 1996 SC 1627 : (1996)3 SCC 709.
State of Madhya Pradesh and Others v Nandlal Jaiswal and Others, AIR 1987 SC 251 : (1986)4 SCC 566.
Mohd. Murtaza and Others v State of Assam and Others, (2011)12 SCC 413 : 2011(8) SCJ 229.
Right to information which is basically founded on the right to know, is an intrinsic part of the Fundamental Right to Free Speech and Expression — The provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 dealt within the light of Articles 19(1)(a), 19(2) and 21. — Chief Information Commissioner and Another v State of Manipur and Another, 2012(1) Kar. L.J. 629 (SC) : (2011)15 SCC 1 : 2012 AIR SCW 651 : 2012(2) SCJ 8.
20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.—(1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the Act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.
(2) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.
(3) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
COMMENTS
Article 20(2) - Embodies a protection against a second trial and conviction for the same offence. — Monica Bedi v State of Andhra Pradesh, (2011)1 SCC 284 : 2010 AIR SCW 6968.
Maqbool Hussain v State of Bombay, AIR 1953 SC 325 : 1953 SCR 730. S.A. Venkataraman v Union of India and Another, AIR 1954 SC 375 : 1954
SCR 1150.
An action for civil damages is not prosecution. — Suba Singh v
Davinder Kaur, AIR 2011 SC 3163 : (2011)13 SCC 296. Self-incrimination — State of Bombay v Kathi Kalu Oghad, AIR 1961 SC 1808 : 1961(2) Cri. L.J. 856 (SC).
Selvi v State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974 : (2010)7 SCC 263 : 2010 AIR SCW 3011.
Meaning of penalty — Shiv Dutt Rai Fateh Chand and Others v Union of India and Another, AIR 1984 SC 1194 : (1983)3 SCC 529 : (1983)53 STC 289 (SC).
Meaning of offence — Jawala Ram and Others v State of Pepsu (now Punjab) and Others, AIR 1962 SC 1246 : 1962(2) Cri. L.J. 303 (SC).
Double Jeopardy — State of Bombay v S.L. Apte and Another, AIR 1961 SC 578 : 1961(1) Cri. L.J. 725 (SC).
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