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ART. 21 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 77
Protection against self-incrimination is available even at investigation stage. (Selvi v State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974 : (2010)7 SCC 263).
The compulsory administration of the techniques viz. narco-analysis, polygraph examination and the Brain Electrical Activation Profile (BEAP) violates the ‘right against self-incrimination’. No individual should be forcibly subjected to any of the techniques in question, whether in the context of investigation in criminal cases or otherwise. (Selvi v State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974 : (2010)7 SCC 263).
Secrecy of voting - A voter can be summed in election petition, but he cannot be compelled to state for whom he has voted. (Nayini Narasimha Reddy v K. Laxman, AIR 2006 SC 2050 : (2006)5 SCC 239).
DNA - Conducting DNA profiling of accused is not barred by Article 20(3). (Selvi v State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974 : (2010)7 SCC 263).
21. Protection of life and personal liberty.—No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
COMMENTS
Changes in Sentencing Structure — Concept of Dignity of Individual Core Values in Preamble of the Constitution — Rule of Law.
Due process of Law - Discussed. — Rajesh Kumar v State through Government of NCT of Delhi, (2011)13 SCC 706 : (2011)8 SCJ 667.
Smt. Maneka Gandhi v Union of India and Another, AIR 1978 SC 597 : (1978)1 SCC 248.
Direction to Law Commission to submit recommendations on measures to be taken for speedy justice — Imtiyaz Ahmad v State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 2012 SC 642 : (2012)2 SCC 688 : (2012)1 SCC (Cri.) 986.
Right to information which is basically founded on the right to know, is an intrinsic part of the Fundamental Right to Free Speech and Expression — The provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 dealt within the light of Articles 19(1)(a), 19(2) and 21. — Chief Information Commissioner and Another v State of Manipur and Another, 2012(1) Kar. L.J. 629 (SC) : (2011)15 SCC 1 : 2012 AIR SCW 651 : 2012(2) SCJ 8.
The object of Article 21 is to prevent encroachment upon personal liberty in any manner. — Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v State of Maharashtra and Others, AIR 2011 SC 312 : (2011)1 SCC 694 : 2011 AIR SCW 3813.
A.K. Gopalan v State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27 : 1950 SCR 88 : 1951 Cri. L.J. 1383 (SC).
Nagbhusan Patnaik v Union of India, (1994)3 SCC 394 : 1994 SCC (Cri.) 740.
Kartar Singh v State of Punjab, (1994)3 SCC 569 : 1994 Cri. L.J. 3139 (SC) : 1994 SCC (Cri.) 899.
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