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e do ation of England by the wealthy, lf t fied c even when the Li ral Party w in wer, would mean that s te es and tac­ ti in the coming war would totally lacking in ima nation and innova­ tion, with deadly con uen It would al m n that the English v­ e ent would have such confiden in its own righteousn that it would not interested in any ce initiativ that involved l than total sur­ render by the enemy.
Fr e w under the gove ent of Emile Com who cl all Catholic h l i d Church p rty, suppr d reli ous orders, and put harsh r trictions on the Churc au of his lici a strong counter-revolutionary movement ew up and w g in strength. e traditionalists might have en able to take wer, if it had not en r the Dreyfus Case of 18 . au of the F nc ian War, hatred for Germany was at a ak in France. us when it was di overed that me­ one in the army was nding confidenti infor tion to Germany, there was a con rted effort to find the culprit e officer co in the army tended to traditionalist, and they acc d a Jewish offi r named Alfred Der yfus of ing the spy. He was tried, convicted and nt to Devil's Island pri n camp. During the whole , Fr ce w split tween the li l who defended Dreyfu and the traditiona s who lieved him guilty. Event y it was di overed that not only was Dreyfus inn ent but the army officers had falsified evidence to bring a ut his conviction Dre us was exonerated and brought back to France, though he sti suffered from the physical effects of his impri nment e m t im rtant long-term ef­ fect of the Dreyfus Ca was that the traditionalist movement in France was dly damaged, that the li l, anti-Catholic gove ent was more firmly entrenched in wer.
Ger y was still ruled by Kai r Wilhelm n When he came to the throne, his first pr lamation rea "We long to each other, I and the army; we were rn for each other." Mi tarism dominated iety. e German army and hence the gove ment was dominated by the ian Protestant arist racy and there re would not listen to any moral teach­ in that me from the Church. Like the English, the Germans were lf­ confident and lieved them lves the st at everything. us there was a military rivalry tween the two countri Whenever one country would add to its military wer, es cially its navy, the other would do the me, only more . e Krupp Arms Works at n, Germany, was the largest single busine in Euro . e increa of pulation made ible by the Ind trial Revolution's rais g of the s ndard of livin along with the