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how much more still needed to done.
The r in England nefited mewhat by the Industrial Revolu­
tion More g s were available and they had a little more money. But in­ dustriali tion al brought evils in its wake. If a n was sick or injured or old and couldn't work, that was generally thou t to his d luck and not the conce of the government or his employer his ually r neigh rs in the factory towns couldn't help either. The Church, which had formerly provided charitable a istance, no longer had any wer Eng­ land, ing allowed barely to exist
e e of Comm m
i z faire capitalism also hel d to lead to an even eater evil Low wages and bad working conditions cau d much di ontent among workin en Li rals decided to take advantage of th di ontent, moti­ vated in part by a desire to help the r but al by a desire to get more wer and overtu authority. The economic theory of s ialism ap ared France and England in the 1820's, demanding that gove ent control the means of pr uction, owning and operating factories and busin There were three ty s of ialism. The utopian socialists lieved that ciety would perfect if all men shared everything and no one owned property of his own Some of the utopian ialists t up communal farms where ople tried to live in accordance with the idea Most of them n collap d Fabian socialists lieved in bringing ialism to wer through dem ratic and aceful means, by electing ialists to office. The Fabians were strong in England
But the revolutionary socialists were not content with aceful com­ munes and election They lieved that pro rty should redistributed by force. The revolutionary s ialists were the Communists.
The center of Communist activity was in Paris cau of the strong influence of the French Revolution, and the Communists were metimes nicknamed "Reds" au they adopted the color of the French Revolu­ tion In 1843 Karl Marx, a German li ral with a wild sh k of black hair and a bushy ard, came to Paris and n adopted Communism whole­ heartedly. He formed a working partnership with Friedrich Engels, the two of them lieving that Communism should explained ientifically and that workers them lv (the proletariat) should unite to overthrow the ial order and t up a Communist iety. Marxist Communism had t ee element ialism, atheism, and the dialectic. The dialectic was a phil phy taught by a German named Hegel, which declared that truth