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eral v utiona es came f up with uis Philip 's feeble attempts to art royal authority and erupted in violence a in e Cit n King a i cated, and the revolutionary mob pr laimed a republic in February. Cha and f r reigned a In June Paris witne d me of the bl iest street-fi ting Euro had ever en Archbishop Affre came to the barri cad to plead r an end to the bl hed. He was shot Finally an election was held in m r, won by Prince uis Na leon, Na leon's nephew whom he had ori ally pr laimed as his heir. In the midst of chaos, the
· ple t ed to the de endant of the man who had resto d order in the dst of cha once fore.
Louis Na l n's office w president, but he adually gan in creasing s wers and acting like a king. In Decem r 1851 a li ral re llion broke out, but uis Na leon quickly suppre d it He then deemed the time was ri to rally the ople to his side for the me step as his uncle had earlier taken On Novem r 2, 1852 he declared the em pire re stablished, with him lf as Em ror Na leon m (Na leon's n would have en Na leon II gove ment was li ral ab lutist, but from time to time he t k ste which aided the Church, for example, the re g of the otto at urdes after l l anti-Catholic authorities had cl d it M t of the prtholic actions were taken as the res t of the influen of wife, the S ish counte Eugenie Monti .
Revolution in A tria
For centuries the many nationality ou in the Ha burg Empire had n largely resistant to nationalism, as the Empire was built on loy alty to the Ha bur and the em ror, wh ver he mi t , not to a tion But French Revolutionary li ralism with its accompanying national ism was infecting many intellectuals and litical leaders in the Empire, d t s fection would pr uce a rious illne
e Mette ch years were years vigor for the Aust Emp e. ey w swift economic expansion, pr rity and a flourishing cultur Mette ch was em ror in everything but name after the feebl minded Ferd d e to the t one in 1835. But his cen rship lici did not r y su d ral ideas spread among the up r cla intellectual Natio w al at w k, es cially among the Hun and the I der Aust n l
In 1 8 revolutions broke out in ur ar s of the Austrian Empi : e i lf, Buda t, Prague, and Lom rdy-Venetia in Italy. K uth, a w dly di l l der, and the other li s in Buda st wanted virtual in-
