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Fiber Optic Tutorial

What are Fiber Optic Cables? How are Fiber Optic Cables used? Where are Fiber Optic Cables used?
Fiber optic cables consist of a glass core and Fiber optic cables can be plugged into Fiber optic cables are used by commercial
cladding, buffer coating, Kevlar strength communications equipment and patch panels to business, governments, the military and many
members and a protective outer jacket. Fiber provide a physical connection to a network other industries for myriad applications involving
optic cables use light pulses as opposed to or device. the transmission of voice, video and data.
electrical signals to send information.

A Quick Lesson In Optical Transmission
Where copper cabling uses electricity to transmit signals from one end to another, In today's high speed networks, Graded Index Multimode fiber or Step Index Single
fiber optics use light pulses to accomplish the same purpose. The fiber cable is mode fiber is used to improve light transmission over long distances. Multimode
made of a transparent glass core surrounded by a mirror like covering called fiber has a larger core and is typically used in short runs within buildings. Single
cladding. Light passes through the cable, bouncing off the cladding until it reaches mode fiber has a smaller core and is used in long distance runs typically outside
the other end of the fiber channel. between buildings.

Fiber Core Sizes Polish Types/Typical Back Reflection
Fiber specifications list the core and cladding diameters as a ratio to determine the In Single mode applications the amount of back reflection on assemblies can be
fiber type. Multimode fiber is commonly 62.5/125 or 50/125 micron and Single critical. L-com offers both PC and APC Single mode assemblies off the shelf. UPC
mode fiber is commonly 9/125 micron. finishes are available by custom order.
62.5/125 50/125 9/125
CORE Multimode Multimode Single mode
CLADDING 125 125 125
BUFFER COATING
(diameters vary) 62.5 50 9 PC ULTRA PC 8° ANGLED PC
<-40dB <-50dB <-60dB
FORMAL DESIGNATION: OM1 OM2, OM3, OM4 OS1, OS2 Back Reflection Back Reflection Back Reflection
OM = Optical Multimode; OS = Optical Single mode
Fiber Glass Types
Stepped Index Fiber relies on the reflection of MULTIMODE, STEP-INDEX MULTIMODE, GRADED-INDEX SINGLE MODE, STEP-INDEX
light whereas in Graded Index Fiber, the High-Order Dispersion Dispersion
Mode
properties of the glass are changed in layers to
"bend" the light as it travels down the cable.
Input
This reduces modal dispersion within the cable Input Output Input Output Pulse Output
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
allowing for higher transmission rates. Low-Order
Mode
Connector Type Coupling Type Fiber Type Polish Number Fibers Typical Applications Comment
LC Snap On RJ45 Style Single mode/Multimode PC, UPC, APC 1 Gigabit Ethernet, Video Small Form Factor (SFF)
Multimedia
Active Device Transceiver, One Mating Connector
MPO (MTP) Push/Pull Single mode/Multimode N/A 6 or 12 Interconnections for O/E must have Alignment Pins
Modules, QSFP Transceivers
SC Snap On Single mode/Multimode PC, UPC, APC 1 CATV, Test Equipment Keyed
ST Twist On Single mode/Multimode PC, UPC 1 LANS, Military Keyed

FC Screw On Single mode/Multimode PC, UPC, APC 1 Datacom, Keyed
Telecommunications
Gigabit Ethernet,
MT-RJ Snap On RJ45 Style Single mode/Multimode N/A 2 Asynchronous Transmission One Mating Connector
mode (ATM) must have Alignment Pins
Learn all about
fiber connectors
Online Video

L-com.com/Videos/A21
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