Page 221 - NCERT-Class-11-Chemistry-Part-1
P. 221
❊
☎ ✆
✂
✄
✟
☎ ✄
✁
✷
☎ ✝
✞
❇ ❍
❱ ❆✻
❉ ❭
❁
■ ✳ ■
●
✼
❫ ❂
❁
✻
❍
✴ ✸
✶
❀
❍ ❁ ❆
❬❁ ♣❍♣
❅
✸
❁❇
P
❪ ✹
❑ ✱ ✲✵
✳
❪
❛ ✰ ✲✵✲✳
✺
❪
✯
❍ ■
▼ ✻
✼ ❆
❀ ❀
❆
❄ P
❋
❍ ❍
❍
●
❍
✻
● ◗
❍
❋
❲
♣
✻
❍
❍
❇
❂❆
❁
❞
❍
❂
✻ ✻
❇
●
✼ ❆
❀
❆
✳❍ ❂ ❀❅
❂
●
❀
❍
❆
❄
❁
❍❍
❋
✻
❍
✻ ❅
✼❂
✿ ✻
❉
■
✿ ❁ ❄
❁
❃ ✾ ❀
❇
✽ ✾ ❀❍
❂
●
❖
❆●
❁ ❁
❫❄
❍
❍
❀
✳ P
✼
❆✻
●
❇❀
❍✻
■ ■
●
❂ ❍
P
❄
■
❍
❍ ●
❍
❂ ♣
✻
❄ ❍
❋ ❁
❆ ❀
❁
❄
■
❋
●
✳
❆
❁
❋❆
❀
❏❍ ▲❍❅ ❉❆❇
❍
✻
●
✐❀ ❂
❋
❄
■
❁ ■
❆
▼ ■
●
❋
✳ ■
❫❅ P
❆ ❖
❭ ❁
❫ ❂
❍
●❍
✶ ❄ ✼❱ ■
❁ ●
❍ ✻
P
❀■❄
❇ ■
❳ ❍ ❍
❋ ❖
❂❇
❋
❋ ❋
❅❅
❖ ❀
▼✼ ❉■ ✻❋
❱
❀
❍
◗
❄
✵❳◆●
❚
❀❂
✳ ❙❍
❋ ❄
✻ P
❆
❅❋
✻●
❆❇ ❅ ❁
❀✼
❘ ❍
♣
❍ ❄
❍ ❍
❯ ✻ ❁
❍
▲❋ ▼ ❂❋
❆ ❉
❀
❆
❉
❋❍
❅ ❳■
✻
❏■ ❳❍ ❍ ❄❆✻
❋
■
❅
❇
❋ ❆
❆
❍
❋❆
❋
❍
❁ ❁
❍
❳ ❤
❆
❀ ❇❄
●
■
❇ ▲❍❁
■
❍●
✻ ❁
●
■ ❀
✐❀❉
▲❀
❲
❀
P ❍❖
❁
❁
❀ ❂ ❍
❂
❫ ❋❁
❁
❀
❆❱
❍●
✳ ❀❄✻
●
❇❍
❍
❍
❆■
❆ ●
■
● ■
■
❆
❆ ■ ❆
❆
●
❄
❉■ ❖
✻ ❖❖
❇❁
❀
❍❋ ❁
❁
❄ ❍■
✐❀ ■❁
●
❋
❁
❋
❍
❀
❍
✻
❍
▲❀
✻
❏❀
♣
❆ ❅
❁
❍
❀
❖
◗
✼ ❄
✻
❆
■
❋
●
❂
❀
✻
❍
♣
●
❍❀
❄
❇❍
❇
❋
❋ ❩
❁
❀
❅
❅ ❏ ❆
●
❁
▲❍
❂
❄
✻
❳
❏■ ▼ ✻■ ❀P
❤
❋
❄❳
❋
❀❨
❍
♣
❋ ❍
❍
❋
❋
❄
❖
❆
P
❁
✻
❂
▼ ❋
■
❄
❍
❍
■
●
❁
❇
✻
●
❍
❍
♣
❉ ❆
❀
P
❁
❍
■
❍
●
✻
❍
❀
P
❇
➣
➇
➎
➐
➎
➑
➍
➅ ➎
➑
➓
➏
➑
➍
➄ ➍
➄
➍
➍
➃
➌
➎
➒
➈➋
➆➇ ➏
➓
➃ ➉➊ ➇
➄
➔ →
▼❳
❍
❆
❆
❇
❋
❄
❂
❋
❀
➜ ➝ ➏➞➓ ➟
➆ ➙ ➏
➠
➤
➍
➒
➍
➣
➡
➜
➎
➊➢
➛
↔➍ ↕ ➍➑
➣
❖Maxbrain Chemistry
❂
P ■ ❆
❅
❴❲ ❋❆ ❇■
❇
❱
● ❍
❂
❆
❍
❁❀ ❋
❆❲
❍
❆❇
❅
❝
❅
❣
●
❇
❖
❆
❁
■ ❋
❖ ♣
❍
❁
❍
❍
●
❜
❍
❆
❋
❄ ✻
❍
❀
❇
❁
❡
❉ ❆
❍
■
❏❀
❖
❵
●
❄❆
■ ❁
❏❍P ●❆
✼
❀
✻❅✻
❋ ♣
❍
✻
❀❫ ❂
❋ ❍
❆ ❭ ❁
❇
P
❋
❍
✳ ■
❂
■
❖
❇
❁
❆
❄
♣
❂
❋
❖
❁
❆
✻
❀
❀
❆
❍
❂
▼ ❆
❋
❋ ❏■
❋
✻
❋
✻
❁
❆■
❀
❁
❆❍
❖
❁
❉
❄
❋
❀
❆❲
❁ ❍
❫● ❆❇ ❋❍❀
❉
● ✻ ✻
❏■❀ ●
❆❀
❁
● ✐❍ ■ ❫ ❋
❄
❍
❳
❍●
✻
❋ ❅
❀
❇❇
●
P
❁♣
●
❂ ❆
■✻
●
❍
❏✼ ✳ ■
❭ ❁
■ ✻
❍
❱❁
❆ ❆
✻❄
❲❍
❫ ❂
❍ ❂
♣❍
❀ ❆ ❍
✻
●✻
❂
❋
❢
●
❁ ❆
♣
❄
❍
❳
❆❇ ❄❍
■
❁
●❋❁
❇
✻
❀
●
❀ ■❍ ❂
❍✼
❖
❏❅
❀
❍
❥
❀
❄
❋ ❁
●
✻
❍
◆ ✐❍
●
❍
❋
❄
■
❂
✻
✻
❆
❀
P
❀
❬❆
❁
■
❍
❇
✻
❇
❁
❆
❍
❋
❋
●
■
❁
❋
❆
♣
❍
❇
✐❀
❁
❋
❍
❍
❦
✻ ❦
❅ ❦✳
❬
✳ ❴
✳❢ ❦ ❦
❧
❦
✳
➨✿
✿
➦ ❀❖❁
❄
●
➧ ✾ ✻
❀
❆❇
➥ ✾ ❍❀❅❅
❁
● ❀
❍
❆❇❍
✻
❆●
❆
❁
■
❃
❂
❍
❁
❁
●
❆
❆
●
❋
♣
●
❇
❍
❋
❀
❄
❍
✻
❫❄
✻
■❆
✐❀ ■❁
❼ ✿❉
■
❋ ❆❋
❍ ✻
❋ ♣ ✽ ✾ ❽ ■ ❀
❱❍
❄
❋
✻
■❁ ■ ●
❁
❅ ✻ ❁❀
❆
❂
●
❅❀
✻✻
❀
❍
❆
❋ ✻
◆
❄
❖■
❳
❀
✳ ❚
●
❁
❆
❁
❇
❅
❂
▼✼ ✳ ◆❋
❋
✶
✶
■
❇
❆
❋
❇
❆
❏■ ▼ ✻■
■
❅ ❏ ❆
❆
❇
❂
❀
❋
❀
❆
❄
❋
❋
✻
❄
❀
●
❉
❳ ❤
●
●
❋
●
❋
❍
❁
✻
❍
●
❇
❋
❍
❄
❲
❍
❇
❁
●
❍
❆
❍
❁
❖
❖
❍
❆
❍
❅
✼ ❱
❆
❱
●
❂
●
❋
❴❲
❍
❁
❀
●
❉
❍
▲❍●✻♣
❆
❋
❋
❉
❖
❋ ❂
❆ ❍
❍
❏■ ❅❀
■
❖
❅
❋
■
✻
❂
▲❍ ▼ ❄❇
✻
❀
❲
❄
❆■
■
❆❇❋ ❍
❄
❵❍❂
❜ ❋
❉
❀❫ ❂
❏■
✳ ■ ✻
P ❅
❆
✼
■
❆ ❭ ❁ ❋
▼
r
❀
❏❍P
✻❅
✻❄
❄
❍ ❀
❂
❀ ❋
❁ ●
✻
❆
■ ❍
❋
❆
❀ ■
❉ ❍
▲❍
■ ❆
❁
■ ❍
❖
❏✻ ❲
■
❋
♣❆
❁ ❅
❆ ❆■
❍
♣
✻
❁
❉
❆
●
❂
❍
❇
❂
❍
❍
■
❉
❆
❀
■
❍
❖
✻
❍
❆■
❂
❄
❋
❄
P
♣
❋
❁
✻
❁
❋
❄
❋
❖
■
●
✻
❁
❋
❍
❁
❉
❳ ❤
❖
❀
❇
❄
●
❀
■
❍
❁
❍
❋
❍
●
●
❆
❄
■
P
▲❋
❄
❉ ✻
❁
❍
❍
❍
♣
❇
❄ ■
❫●
❀✻
❇
❍ ❋
●♣
❄
▲❋ ▼ ■❉
❫
❆
❁
❍
❍
❆ ❅
❋ ❁
❆
✻ ❆
❆ ❀
❍
♣
❆
❍❆
❳
❇
❂ ❍
❇
❲
✳ ❧❚ ❀●
■❍
✻
■
❀
❉ ❍ ❄
❆ ♣
❁❂
❀ ❏✻ ■
❖
❇
✻❇
❆❁
❘
✶
❉❍ ❂
❀
❀
❍
❋♣
❇✻
●
●
■ ❆❄■
❇
❁
❆ ❆
❁ ❆
✼
❍ ❍
✻
❍
❀ ❅
❋
●
●
❄❇ ❿
▲❍ ▼ ❄❇
❍♣
❀ ❁ ❀
❉ ♣❍
❏❀ ✻■❀❂
❖ ❂
❅
■ ❍
❋
❧
❄ ✻❖❆
✻
✳ ❚ ❳
❘
❀
❁
❏❅
❍
❥
❳ ❢
❍
❋
●
✻
✼
●
❀
❖
■
✻
❍
❍
❄
■
■
■
❖
❋
▲❍ ❏✻■
✻
❋ ❖
❄
❉
❅ ❋
❀
❍
✻ ❂
❖
❁
❋✻
❉
❅ ❍
▼✼ ❋
❆
●
❅
❆■
❆
❀❆
❲
◆ ❋
➫❿
❀
❍
❁
✻
❍ ❍
♠❅●
♣
❋
❄ ●
❆
▲❋ ▼ ■❉ ❄
❫ ❋
❍
■
❆
❁
❆ ✻
❀
❀ ❂❀
❀
❀
■✻
❇
▼ ❄
●
❁
❉ ❲ ♣
❅
❖
✳❙ ❁❋
✻ P ❍
❚ ■
■❂
➩
❿
❚
■ ❍
✳ ❙
❏❀
❆
❄ ✻
■
❳
❖ ❂
✶
❚ ❦ ❢
❯
✳✳
❦ ✳
❦ ✳
❧♥
❯
❘
✶
■
❲
❋
❋
❋
❥
❋
❁
❅ ❄
❀
❆
❆
■
❖
■ ❏ ❆
❀
❄
❁
❄
❀
❆❲
●
✻
■
❁
●
❂
■
❙ ▼ ✻
❅
❋
❍
❆ ✶➭
✻
❍
❋
❋
❄
❂
✻
❆
❀
❍
●
❁ ❿
❍
●
♣
❇
●
❫❄
❁
●
●
❫
✳ ❫✼ ✳ ❁❂
■ ❀ ◗
❍
■ ❀
❋
❫ ❋❁❀
❅
❉ ❄
❋
❂
❄ ❉
❀❍
✶
① ⑤
✉ ⑦
⑦
✈④
♦✇
⑥
q
② ④
① ⑤
✈
③
s✇
⑧ ⑨
❋
q ✈ ❀❍
❆
✼
❀ ❋
❂ ❏✻ ❄♣
■
❋
s ❇
✳ ❫ P❍❁
■
✻
❁
♣
❋❆ ❂
t① ❄
❄
❂
❀ ●
❆
❋ ❳
✶
✈ ①
②❶ ⑧
①✈
⑧④
✈
⑩ ⑦
①❸
⑤❹
❷⑥ ❸❹ ❶
❺
❋❄
●
❖
❄
❆
❏✻❀❋●
❆❇
▲■ ▲❍●
❅
❍
▼ ✻ ❍❂
■
⑧ ❶ ❹
❁
❉
■
❋
❀ ❋ ■
■
✻❁❋
❁❆
❋ ❀
✴
▼
✳ ❫✼❀ ❍●
❍
❖
●
❅
❁
❁
❇
❁
❀
❆
❋
■
❲
❋
❅
❖
✳ ❚ ❋❁
■
❆
❄
❂ ■
❋
● ❋
❁
❍
❏❅
■
❧■ ❄❍
❍ ❋
●
❀
❂ ❀
❉ ❀
❁
✻ ❋
❂
❁ ❆
❍ ❄
❖❄
❋ ❄
■
❥●
❀ ❂
❋
❀■ ❘
❆ ✶
❋
❄
❉
❆
●
❆
●
❋
❍
●
❂
✻
❇
■
❆❍
■
❏❳
❉
❁
●
❀
❖
❆
■
❋
✻
❋
✻
❲ ❂
❍
●
❍
❞❆❍
P ❻
❋●
❏✻
✻
❍
❋❀
❅
❋
❲
❍ ❁
❿
✴
q
❶ ⑦✈ ⑦
①
s
s
➳⑦
❷⑥
q
♦ ⑧
➳ ⑥ ❸ ⑦➲⑤①
♦
❷ ⑧
④④⑤
⑨
➯ ⑥ ➲
❹
➵
❼❀ ❽
✳ ❼❀ ❽
❞
✳
❧ ❚
✳
❞
✳ ❀ ❽
❧ ❧❚❚ ❼
❧❚ ❞
❾
❘
❘
❲
❋
✳❀▲❋❁ ♣❆
●
●
❂●
❄
♣ ❇
❋
❆
●
❆
❍
❁
❀
❆
❲
✻
❞
❅ ❍
●
❍
▲❍ ▼ ❆❇
❿
❀
❂
❆
❁
❋
✴
❾
■ ✳ ❄❼❀ ❽
❫
✻ ❫
❄ ❼❀ ❽
✳ ❼❀ ❽
❞
❞
❞
❍
P
❄
✻
❄
■
■
❆■
❍
●
❀
❖
❁
❂
❆
✼ ❱
❱
❂
●
❉ ❀
●
●
❍
❍
❀
❀
❇
❍
❋
❍
♣
❀
❿
✴
➀ ➁ ✰ ✲ ✲✳❫
❫
❪ ❄ ❪✺
❄❪
✳
✲
❍ ❁ ❄
❆
❍
❅
❀
❋
❏ ❉
❀
❆✳
❋
❱ ❄ ❀
❇
❅
❂
■ ❀ ♣ ▲❍
❄
❍
❁
❲
❀
❄
❋
❆
❋ ❆ ❍❄■
❍❍
❋
❆■ ❲ ■
❂
❀ ❀
❋
❆ ❆ ●
■
❂
❄
❀ ■
❋ ▼
❫❂
■ ✼❲
❆
❉ ❀ ▼ ✻
● ■✻❋ ❱
❁❋ ❋❆
❀
❄ ❋●
❄ ❁
❁
❍ ❳
❀ ❆ ● ❇
❄
■
❅
❆❍ ❴❲❇P
❁● ❲
❆
❋
❍
❇
❁
✻
❅
❄
■
■
❀
❁
●
❍
●
✻
■
❇
✻
❀
❇
■
❖
❍
P
➸
●
❲
❆
❆
❂
❍
●
●
♣
❆
❂
✻ ❍
❍❀
❇
❁
●●
● ❲❋
❂
❁
❆
❋ ■
❆
❍
❋ ❁ ❍
❄
■❅ ❆♣
✻
❅ ❲ ●
✴
❇ ■
❀ ✻
✻ ♣
❁ ❋
❆
❉
❖
❍
❄ ❋
❋ ●
■ P
✻
❀ ◗
❀ ❏■
❀ ❇
❉ ❇ ➺ ❅❍
❆ ❁
❍❖
✻ ❍
● ❆
❆■ ❁
❉❀
●
❪❳ ❫❅●
✻
❆
■ ❋
♣
✲ ■
❍ ✼
❄ ❁
❁ ■
▼❂
❉
✻
❁
❁
❄ ●
✳ ✼ ❋
■
■
❍
✴
❍ ❀ ●
❀ ❋❋
❂ ❅ ❁❁
❂ ❋❍ ♣
❉ ❤❁
✻ ❋ ❍
✻ ✻➸
P
✻ ❇●
■ ❍ ❱
❆❍ ❍
❖ ● ❍
❥ ♣
● ❀
❍ ❁
❍ ❆●
❁ ■
❀ ❆✻ ✻
❲
■
❁
❁
❀
✳ ❋■
❂
❀
❍
❁
❅ ●
❆
✻
❇
❍
❄
■
◗
❆♣
❍
❁
▼ ●❏❍❀
❏❇ ✻■
✼ P
❁
❄❥ ❁
❏❅❍❀
❳
❍
❖❖
❂
❴❲ ❋❁
■■
❅
P
❆❇ ❞
❖ ▲❍ ❋ ✻
❄
■
●
❍ ❋
❋
❍
❆❋
❲
✻
❲
❅
❂
❉
❆❇ ❋
■■
❖
❍
❁
❋
❍
❁
❄❍
❀
▼ ❆
❍ ❇
❆❋
❇
❆
❄
■
❱❆
❁
■
❀❍
❉
●
❁
❁❥
● ❆
❋
■
❋
❆
❀
❀ ❍
■
●
❉ ❂
✻
❁
❁
❆
■
❋
❋
❍
❄
❄
❋
❍
●
✼ ❋
❳
■
❀
●
❆
❄
❆❍
❳
❉
❂
❋
❂
❂
❋
❋
❍
❲
■
❀
❋
❂
❄
❀
❁
❀
❄
❹⑦➲⑤ ➳⑦⑨
⑦
❁
❀❁
■
❶ ⑧
❁ ●
❍
➲ ➽
❂ ❍
❄❆
❂
➼
❋ ❇
❀ ❂ ✈
❁
①❀
❏❍ ❂➻
❄
✻
♣
▼❂
❁
❆
❁
❀
❋
■
❋
■
❄
❁
❍
❍✼
❂
✻
❆
✻●
■
❍
❁
❍
❁
❆
■
❇
♣
❄
■
❋
❉ ❇
❁
❲
➂
❫ ❂
❉ ❆ ❳
❇
✳ ■
❍
P
■❭ ❁
❁
❍
❏❇
❍
❁
❏❅ ■❉
●
✳ ❋ ❖
❪❳ ❤ ❍❁
✲ ❇■
■
●❁❀
❋ ❀❥
❍
❖
✣
✜✦
✥✜ ✤
✛
✓
✏ ✑ ✮
✒ ✜ ✤
✕ ✤
✖✘
✔ ✡ ✜✮
✫
✍ ✎ ✫ ✭
☞✜
✠✡ ✜✦
❈✫ ✤
☛✬
❈ ✜
✤
✌✤
✜✦
✧ ★
✚
✤
✗ ✙
✜✢
✌
✒
✗ ✛
✍ ✏ ✗ ✘
✍ ✏ ✗ ✘✜✦
✚
✩ ✪ ✫ ✤
✜ ✭
✖
✍ ✖
✡
✕
