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PGA: Professional Graphics Adapter

 It was introduced in 1985
 It could display bit map graphics at 640 x 480 resolution and 256 colors
 Compatible mode of this standard is CGA

VGA: Video Graphics Array

 It was introduced by IBM in 1988
 It offers CGA and EGA compatibility

 It display both text and graphics
 It generates analog RGB signals to display 256 colors
 It remains the basic standard for most video display systems

SVGA: Super Video Graphics Adapter : It is developed by VESA (Video

Electronics Standard Association) . Its goal is to display with higher resolution
than the VGA with higher refresh rates with minimize flicker.

XGA: Extended Graphics Array : It is developed by IBM . It offers VGA
compatible mode. Resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels in 256 colors is offered by it.
XGA utilizes an interlace scheme for refresh rates

Flat Panel Display system

Flat panel displays use a fluorescent tube for backlighting to give the display a
sufficient level of

brightness. The four basic technologies used for flat panel display are:

1. Passive-matrix monochrome
2. Active-matrix monochrome
3. Passive-matrix color
4. Active-matrix color.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Construction: Two glass plates each containing a light polarizer at right angles
to the other plate, sandwich the nematic (thread like) liquid crystal material.
Liquid crystal is the compounds having a crystalline arrangement of molecules.
But it flow like a liquid. Nematic liquid crystal compounds are tend to keep the
long axes of rod-shaped molecules aligned. Rows of horizontal transparent
conductors are built into one glass plate, and columns of vertical conductors are
put into the other plate. The intersection of two conductors defines a pixel
position.