Page 132 - RFHL ANNUAL REPORT 2025 ONLINE_NEW

130 • Republic Financial Holdings Limited 2025 Annual Report • FINANCIALS

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the year ended September 30, 2025. Expressed in millions of Trinidad and Tobago dollars, except where otherwise stated.

2 Material accounting policies (continued)
2.6 Summary of material accounting policies (continued)
g Impairment of financial assets (continued)

ii The calculation of ECLs
The Group calculates ECLs based on the historical measure of cash shortfalls, discounted at the instrument’s
coupon rate. A cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with
the contract and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive.

The mechanics of the ECL calculations are outlined below and the key elements are, as follows:
PD The Probability of Default (PD) is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given period of time. A
default may only happen at a certain time over the assessed period, if the facility has not been previously
derecognised and is still in the portfolio. The concept of PDs is further explained in Note 22.2.4.

EAD The Exposure at Default (EAD) is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date, taking into account
expected changes in the exposure after the reporting date, including repayments of principal and interest,
whether scheduled by contract or otherwise, expected drawdowns on committed facilities, and accrued
interest from missed payments.

LGD The Loss Given Default (LGD) is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default occurs at a
given time. It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due and those that the
lender would expect to receive, including from the realisation of any collateral. It is usually expressed as a
percentage of the EAD.

When estimating the ECLs, the Group considers among other factors the risk rating category and aging of the
financial asset. Each of these is associated with different PDs, EADs and LGDs. When relevant, it also incorporates
how defaulted loans and investments are expected to be recovered, including the value of collateral or the amount
that might be received for selling the asset.

With the exception of credit cards and other revolving facilities, for which the treatment is separately set out, the
maximum period for which the credit losses are determined is the contractual life of a financial instrument.

Impairment losses and recoveries are accounted for and disclosed separately.

The mechanics of the ECL method are summarised below:

Stage 1
The 12mECL is calculated as the portion of LTECLs that represent the ECLs that result from default events on a
financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date. The Group calculates the
12mECL allowance based on the expectation of a default occurring in the 12 months following the reporting date.
These expected 12-month default probabilities are applied to a forecast EAD and multiplied by the expected LGD
which are derived as explained under Stage 3 for loans and other financial assets and using Global Credit Loss
tables for traded investments and modified with management overlays when not traded.