Page 226 - Lokmanya Tilak Samagra (khand 2)

PREHISTORIC TIMES 13
were dolicho-cephalic, one tall and one short; and two brachy-
cephalic similarly divided. But the Aryan languages are, at pre-
sent, spoken in Europe by races exhibiting the characteristics
of all these types. It is, however, evident that one alone of these
four ancient races can be the real representative of the Aryan race,
though there is a strong difference of opinion as to which of them
represented the primitive Aryans. German writers, like Posche
and Penka, claim that the tall dolicho-cephalic race, the ancestors
of the present Germans, were the true representative Aryans; while
French writers, like Chavee and M. de Mortillet, maintain that
the primitive Aryans were brachy-cephalic and the true Aryan
type is represented by the Gauls. Canon Taylor in his Origin of the
Aryans sums up the controversy by observing that when two races
come in contact, the probability is that the speech of the most
cultured will prevail, and therefore " it is " he says, " an easier
hypothesis to suppose that the dolicho-cephalic savages of the
Baltic coast acquired Aryan speech from their brachy-cephalic
neighbours, the Lithuanians, than to suppose, with Penka, that
they succeeded in some remote age in Aryanising the Hindus, the
Romans and the Greeks. "*
Another method of determining which of these four races
represented the primitive Aryans in Europe is to compare the
grades of civilisation attained by the undivided Aryans, as ascer-
tained from linguistic palreontology, with those attained by the
Neolithic races as disclosed by the remains found in their dwellings
As for the Palreolithic man his social condition appears to have
been far below that of the undivided Aryans; and Dr. Schrader
.considers it as indubitably either non-Indo-European or pre-Indo-
European in character. The Palreolithic man used stone hatchets
.and bone needles, and had attained some proficiency in the art of
sculpture and drawing, as exhibited by outlines of various animals
carved on bones etc.; but he was clearly unacquainted with the
potter's art and the use of metals. It is only in the Neolithic period
that we meet with pottery in the piled villages of lake-dwellers in
Switzerland. But even the oldest lake-dwellers seem to have been
unacquainted with the use of metals and waggons, both of which
were familiar to the undivided Aryans. No traces of woollen
.cloth is again found in these lake-dwellings, even when sheep

• See Taylor's Origin of the Aryans, p. 2-13.