Page 257 - Lokmanya Tilak Samagra (khand 2)

44 SAMAGRA TILAK - 2 • THE ARCTIC HOME

tropical zone, once in his course from E' to E, and again in his
return, from E to E'. The sun will also appear for some time to
the north of the observer's zenith, and for the rest of the year to
the south. But as the altitude of the sun above the equator is
0
never greater than 23~ or EQ, an observer whose zenith lies to the
north of the circle T' E, will always see the sun to the south of his
zenith, and the zenith distance of the sun will be greater and
greater as the observer advances towards the North Pole. But
still the sun will be above
p
the horizon every day, for
some hours at least, to an
observer whose zenith lies
between T' E and A C. To
take a concrete instance, let
the observer be so stationed
t-------.::::::;t<~....,_-·----tQ. that his zenith will be at C,
that is, on the extreme
northern latitude of the
temperate zone. Then his
celestial horizon will extend
90° on each side, ·and will
be represented by T CT,
1
and the sun moving along the ecliptic E' E will be above
his horizon, at least for some portion of day, during the whole
year. But as the observer passes into the Frigid zohe, the sun
during his annual course will be altogether below the horizon for
some days, and the maximum limit is reached at the North Pole,
where the sun is below the horizon for six months. We may,
therefore, state that the duration of the night, which is six
months at the Pole is gradually diminished as we come
down from the Pole, until, in the temperate zone, the sun is above
the horizon, at least, for. some time out of twenty-four hours
every day. In the annexed figure let Z represent the zenith of
an observer within the Arctic region , then H' H will represent
his horizon, and the sun in his annual course will, for some time,
be altogether below this horizon. For instance, uppose the sun
to be at n . Then his diurnal cirele of rotation will be represented
by nH, the whole of which is below the horizon H' H of the observer
whose zenith is Z. Therefore, the sun, during his annual course
along the ecliptic from E' to n, and back from n to E', will be