Page 412 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

- I didn't enjoy the party because I was bored. (NOT ••• beeattSe I ftJttS bBring.) It was a terribly boring party.
- The children always get excited when Granny comes. (NOT The ehiltlren tdft}(jys get ~iting ...)
Granny takes the children to exciting places.
- His explanations make me very confused. (NOT ••• mttlee me very e8n}itsing.)
He's a very confusing writer.
3 exceptions: a fallen leaf. an escaped prisoner etc
A few past participles can be used as adjectives with active meanings, especially before nouns. Examples:
a fallen leaf (= a leaf that has fallen)
advanced students (= students who have advanced to a high level, NOT
students who have been advanced ...)
developed countries
increased activity
vanished civilisations
a retired general
Rescuers are still working in the ruins o f the collapsed hotel.
an interesting book a falling leaf screaming children
a lost dog
The upstairs toilet window is broken. His idea seems exciting.
a grown-up daughter an escaped prisoner faded colours swollen ankles
4 active past participles: advanced points
Some more past participles can be used with active meanings, but only with adverbs. Examples:
a well-read person (BUT NOT tt read per38n)
a much-travelled man recently-arrived immigrants
The train just arrived at platform six is the delayed 13.15 from Hereford.
Some active past participles can be used after be. Examples:
She is retired now. Those curtains are badly faded. My family are all grown up now This class is the most advanced.
Recovered, camped, stopped, finished (see 205) and gone (see 229) are used in this way after be, but not usually before nouns.
Why are all those cars stopped at the crossroads? (BUT NOT••• tt St8ppM ettr) I hope you're fully recovered from your operation.
We're camped in the field across the stream.
I'll be finished in a few minutes. Those days are gone now.
410 participles (3): details
1 used as adjectives: an interesting book
Participles can often be used as adjectives before nouns, or after be and other link verbs.
participles (3): details 410
page 380