Page 454 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

3 suffixes that form nouns or adjectives
suffix mainly added to -ese place nouns
-(i)an nouns
nouns -ist nouns
usual meaning inhabitant of,
language of supporter of,
related to citizen of practitioner of
examples
Chinese, Vietnamese Darwinian, republican
Parisian, Moroccan pianist, racist
4 suffixes that form adjectives
suffix mainly added to -able verbs
-a1 nouns
-centric nouns
-ed nouns
-ful nouns
-ic nouns -ical nouns
-ish adj., nouns
place nouns
-ive verbs -less nouns -like nouns -Iy nouns -ous nouns -proof nouns -ward adj.
usual meaning can be (done) related to centred on having
full of, providing related to related to
rather (like) inhabitant of.
language of can do, does without
like
examples
washable, drinkable accidental Eurocentric
wooded, pointed,
blue-eyed
useflll, helpful electric philosopllical, logical
greenish, childish Scottish. Turkish
attractil1e. selective careless, homeless childlike
friendly. motherly virtuolls, ambitious
-y nouns
5 suffixes that form adverbs
suffix mainly added to -Iy adj.
-ward(s) adj.
usual meaning
in an (adjective) way towards
6 suffixes that form verbs
suffix mainly added to -ate nouns
-en adj.
-ify adj., nouns -ise/-ize adj.• nouns
usual meaning causative
make, become causative: make various
prefixes and suffixes 445
with the quality of
having
protected/-ing against bullet-proof, waterproof
towards
like, characterised by
backward, northward creamy, wealthy
examples
calmly, slowly backwards, IZorthward(s)
examples
orchestrate, chlorinate deafen. ripen, harden simplify, electrify modernise. symbolise
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