Page 512 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

make no sense or have a different meaning.) Non-identifying clauses are normally separated by pauses and/or intonation breaks and commas. Compare:
- The woman who does my hair has moved to another hairdresser's.
Dorothy, who does my hair, has moved to another hairdresser's.
- She married a man that she met on a bus.
She married a very nice young architect from Belfast, whom she met on a bus.
Note how the identifying clauses cannot easily be left out.
The woman has moved to another hairdresser's. (Which woman?) She married a man. (!)
When a non-identifying clause does not come at the end of a sentence, two commas are necessary.
Dorothy, who does my hair, has moved .. . (NOT lJtJF6ffly, f;tIh6 tl8es fIly hair htlS m6tJeti ...)
3 use of that
That is common as a relative pronoun in identifying clauses. In non- identifying clauses, that is unusual. Compare:
- Have you got a book which/that is really easy to read?
[lent him 'The Old Man and the Sea', which is really easy to read. (NOT ••• 'The Old Man anti the Sea', (",at is really easy t6 read.)
- Where's the girl who/that sells the tickets?
This is Naomi. who sells the tickets. (NOT This is NatJmi, that sell3 the tiekets.)
4 leaving out object pronouns
In identifying relative clauses, we often leave out object pronouns, especially in an informal style. In non-identifying clauses this is not possible. Compare:
- [feel sorry for the man she married.
She met my brother, whom she later married. (NOT She filet nly bF8the,., she late,. maFl'ietL)
- Did you like the wine we drank last night?
[poured him a glass ofwine, which he drank at once. (NOT : I'Bftreti hint a
glass ltf f;tIine, he tlf'tmk at 6nee.)
496 relatives (3): whose 1 relative possessive
Whose is a relative possessive word, used as a determiner before nouns in the same way as his, her, its or their. It can refer back to people or things. In a relative clause, whose + noun can be the subject, the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
[ saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away. (subject)
[t was a meeting whose purpose I did not understand. (object)
Michel Croz, with whose help Whymper climbed the Matterhorn. was one of
the first professional guides. (object of preposition)
[ went to see myfriends the Forrests, whose children I used to look after when
they were small. (object of preposition)
Whose can be used in both identifying and non-identifying clauses.
relatives (3): whose 496
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