Page 164 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

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HIBERNIA
HADRIAN'S WALL
BRITAIN Londinium
North Sea
BELGICA
Sea of Marmara
Hellespont
ARMENIA
SCOTLAND
Black Sea
Byzantium
Bosporus
Nicomedia
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Atlantic Ocean
SPAIN LUSITANIA
BAETICA
MAURITANIA
DACIA
THRACE Tarentum MACEDONIA
LUGDENENSIS RHAETIA NORICUM GAUL
REGNUM BOSPORUS
Black Sea
Byzantium
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ILLYRIA
AQUITANIA NARBONENSIS
Massilia
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Pyrenees
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Roman Empire at the end of Augustus's reign, 14 C.E.
EGYPT
0 Roman Empire at the end 0
of Trajan's reign, 117 C.E.
300
600 900 Kilometers 300 600 Miles
12 B.C.E.–9 C.E. GERMANIA
Colonia Agrippinensis
ITALY Rome Ostia Naples
Carthage NUMIDIA
Corsic
Sardin
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a
a
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nia
GREECE ACHAEA
S
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cily Syracuse
rete Mediterranean Sea
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Athens
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AFRICA
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MAP 6.1 The Roman Empire from Augustus Through Trajan (14–117). Augustus and later emperors continued the expansion of the Roman Empire, adding more resources but also increasing the tasks of administration and keeping the peace. Compare this map with Map 5.3.
Q Which territories were conquered by Augustus, and which were added by the end of Trajan’s reign?
administration. These municipal offices were unsalaried but were nevertheless sought by wealthy citizens because they conferred prestige and power at the local level as well as Roman citizenship. Roman municipal policy effectively tied the upper classes to Roman rule and ensured that these classes would retain control over the rest of the population.
The process of Romanization in the provinces was reflected in significant changes in the governing classes of the empire. In the course of the first century, there was a noticeable decline in the number of senators from Italian families. Increasingly, the Roman senate was being recruited from wealthy provincial equestrian families. The provinces also provided many of the
126 Chapter 6 The Roman Empire
legionaries for the Roman army and, beginning with Trajan, supplied many of the emperors.
The speed and the extent of Romanization varied widely in different parts of the empire. In the west, including Spain, Africa, and parts of Gaul, where Greeks and Phoenicians had established cities centuries earlier, Romanization occurred quickly. Temples, aque- ducts, amphitheaters, and the Latin language rapidly became fixtures in these areas. Moreover, men from these western territories, especially Spain and parts of Gaul, began serving as officials in Rome as early as the first century C.E.
The process of Romanization was less extensive in other parts of the empire, especially in Asia, where
Cyrene
JUDAEA
Red Sea
Cr
Cyprus SYRIA Nazareth
PARTHIAN EMPIRE
Alexandria CYRENAICA
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Pergamum
CAPPADOCIA Tarsus
Jerusalem
Babylon
ARABIA