Page 363 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

That people who were disciples of the Apostle of Peace would kill each other over their beliefs aroused skepticism about Chris- tianity itself. As one German writer put it, “Lutheran, popish, and Calvinistic, we’ve got all these beliefs here, but there is some doubt about where Christianity has got.”12 It is surely no acci-
CHAPTER TIMELINE
dent that the search for a stable, secular order of politics and for order in the universe through natural laws soon came to play im- portant roles. Before we look at this search for order in the sev- enteenth century, however, we need first to look at the adventures that plunged Europe into its new role in the world.
1500
1520 1560
Luther and the French Wars of Religion indulgence controversy
1600
Calvin’s church at Geneva Council of Trent
Peace of Habsburg-Valois Wars Augsburg
Peasants’ War
Erasmus, The Praise of Folly
Ignatius of Loyola, The Spiritual Exercises
Revolt of the Netherlands
1540
1580
Spanish armada
Edict of Nantes
CHAPTER REVIEW
Upon Reflection
Q If attempts at reform of the Catholic Church were unsuccessful in the fifteenth century, why did they succeed in the sixteenth-century Reformation?
Q What role did politics play in the establishment of Lutheranism and Anglicanism?
Key Terms
Christian (northern Renaissance) humanism (p. 302)
pluralism (p. 303) indulgences (p. 304) justification (p. 304)
Q Elizabeth of England and Philip II of Spain were two of Europe’s most famous monarchs in the second half of the sixteenth century. Compare and contrast their methods of ruling and their foreign policy. Which was a more successful ruler? Why?
transubstantiation (p. 307) predestination (p. 313) Catholic Reformation (p. 315) Huguenots (p. 320)
politiques (p. 320)
Chapter Summary
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