Page 441 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

CHAPTER TIMELINE
1550 1575
Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Vesalius, On the Fabric of the Human Body
1600
1625
1650
1675
Pascal, Pensées
1700
Newton’s law of universal gravitation
Kepler’s laws
Galileo, The Starry Messenger
Harvey’s theory of circulation
Descartes, Discourse on Method
Bacon, The Great Instauration
Beginning of
English Royal Society
Cavendish, Grounds of Natural Philosophy
Establishment of French Royal Academy of Sciences
CHAPTER REVIEW
Upon Reflection
Q How do you explain the emergence of the Scientific Revolution?
Q What do we mean by the “Newtonian world- machine,” and what is its significance?
Key Terms
Scientific Revolution (p. 386) geocentric conception (p. 387) heliocentric conception (p. 388) world-machine (p. 393)
Suggestions for Further Reading
GENERAL WORKS General surveys of the entire Scientific Revolution include J. Henry, The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science, 2d ed. (London, 2002), and J. R. Jacob, The Scientific Revolution: Aspirations and Achievements, 1500–1700 (Atlantic Highlands, N.J., 1998). See also P. Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700 (Princeton, N.J., 2001). On the relationship of magic to the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution, see the pioneering work by F. Yates, The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (London, 1975). On the
Q Compare the methods used by Bacon and Descartes. Would Pascal agree with the methods and interests of these men? Why or why not?
Cartesian dualism (p. 398) rationalism (p. 398) scientific method (p. 398) empiricism (p. 399)
importance of mathematics, see P. Dear, Discipline and Expe- rience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (Chicago, 1995). On the relationship between Renaissance artists and the Scientific Revolution, see P. H. Smith, Body of the Artisan: Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution (Chicago, 2006).
A REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY On the important figures of the revolution in astronomy, see H. Margolis, It Started with Copernicus: How Turning the World Inside Out Led to the
Chapter Summary • 403
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