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Scientific Revolution (New York, 2002); M. Sharratt, Galileo: Decisive Innovator (Oxford, 1994); M. Casper, Johannes Kep- ler, trans. C. D. Hellman (London, 1959), the standard biography; R. S. Westfall, The Life of Isaac Newton (New York, 1993); and P. Fara, Newton: The Making of Genius (New York, 2004).
THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE The importance of Francis Bacon in the early development of science is underscored in P. Zagorin, Francis Bacon (Princeton, N.J., 1998). A good intro- duction to the work of Descartes can be found in G. Radis-Lewis, Descartes: A Biography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1998).
Notes
1. Quoted in A. G. R. Smith, Science and Society in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London, 1972), p. 59.
2. Quoted in E. MacCurdy, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (London, 1948), vol. 1, p. 634.
3. Quoted in J. H. Randall, The Making of the Modern Mind (Boston, 1926), p. 234.
4. Quoted in L. Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), pp. 52–53.
5. Quoted in ibid., p. 85.
6. Quoted in P. Stock, Better than Rubies: A History of Women’s
Education (New York, 1978), p. 16.
WOMEN AND SCIENCE On the subject of women and early modern science, see the comprehensive and highly informative work by L. Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989).
SCIENCE AND SOCIETY The social and political context for the triumph of science in the seventeenth and eighteenth centu- ries is examined in M. C. Jacob, The Cultural Meaning of the Scientific Revolution (New York, 1988). On the relationship of science and industry, see M. C. Jacob, Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West (Oxford, 1997).
7. R. Descartes, Philosophical Writings, ed. and trans. N. K. Smith (New York, 1958), p. 95.
8. Ibid., pp. 118–119.
9. F. Bacon, The Great Instauration, trans. J. Weinberger
(Arlington Heights, Ill., 1989), pp. 2, 8.
10. Ibid., pp. 2, 16, 21.
11. S. Drake, ed. and trans., Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo
(New York, 1957), p. 182.
12. B. Pascal, Pens􏰀ees, trans. J. M. Cohen (Harmondsworth,
England, 1961), p. 100. 13. Ibid., p. 31.
14. Ibid., pp. 52–53, 164, 165.
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404 Chapter 16 Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution
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