Page 627 - Sociology and You

CHAPTER 17 ASSESSMENT
Summary
Section 1: Social Change
Main Idea: Social change refers to new behaviors
that have long-term and relatively important con- sequences. Discovery, invention, and diffusion are the major social processes through which so- cial change occurs. Important agents of social change are technology, population, the natural environment, revolution, and war.
Section 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Social
Change
Main Idea: The functionalist perspective depicts societies as relatively stable. Following a major change, these integrated systems seek a new equi- librium. According to the conflict perspective, so- cieties are unstable systems that are constantly undergoing change. Symbolic interactionism iden- tifies decreasing shared values as a source of so- cial instability.
Section 3: Collective Behavior
Main Idea: Collective behavior describes how people behave when they are united by a single short-term goal. Rumors, fads, fashions, mass hys- teria, and panics are examples of collective be- haviors. Contagion theory and emergent norm theory describe crowd behavior.
Section 4: Social Movements
Main Idea: Social movements are more permanent and more organized than other types of collectives. Theories to explain
how social move-
Reviewing Vocabulary
Complete each sentence using each term once.
ments develop in- clude value-added theory and re- source mobiliza- tion theory.
Self-Check Quiz
Visit the Sociology and You Web site at soc.glencoe.com and click on Chapter 17—Self- Check Quizzes to prepare for
1. New societal behaviors with long-term and rel- atively important consequences are called
.
2. is the knowledge and hard-
ware used to achieve practical goals.
3. is a type of social movement
that may involve the violent toppling of a
political regime.
4. The spontaneous and unstructured social be-
havior of people who are responding to simi-
lar stimuli is known as .
5. is a widely circulating story of
questionable truth.
6. The unusual behavior patterns that spread
rapidly, are embraced zealously, and then dis- appear in a short time are called
.
7. are behavior patterns that are
widely approved but expected to change peri-
odically.
8. A temporary collection of people who share a
common interest is known as a .
9. emphasizes the irrationality of crowds, created when members stimulate one another to higher and higher levels of emo- tional intensity.
10. stresses the similarity between daily social behavior and crowd behavior.
11. The form of collective behavior that has the most structure is called .
a. social movement b. contagion theory c. rumor
d. revolution
e. fashions f. fads
g. crowd
h. collective behavior i. emergent norm
theory
j. social change k. technology
the chapter test.
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