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3. Ensure proper ankle positioning (neutral or slight dorsiflexion).

2. Long Leg Cast

• Indications:
o Tibial fractures
o Ligamentous knee injuries
• Application Steps:

1. Extend cast from toes to mid-thigh.
2. Maintain knee flexion at 20-30 degrees.
3. Reinforce weight-bearing areas as necessary.

3. Posterior Leg Splint

• Indications:
o Achilles tendon injuries
o Tibia fractures
• Application Steps:

1. Apply padding from the foot to the popliteal fossa.
2. Place a posterior splint with plantar flexion if Achilles rupture is suspected.
3. Secure with bandages while allowing for swelling.

Specialty Casts and Immobilization Techniques

1. Thumb Spica Cast

• Indications: Scaphoid fractures, thumb ligament injuries.
• Keeps the thumb immobilized in slight abduction.

2. Hip Spica Cast

• Indications: Femur fractures, post-hip surgery stabilization.
• Extends from the waist to the ankle or foot with hip immobilization.

3. Cylinder Cast

• Indications: Patellar fractures, post-knee surgery stabilization.
• Immobilizes the knee in extension.